tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-33009204697759225622024-02-08T22:42:58.503+07:00jajat hidayatjajat hidayathttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14800864142928577412noreply@blogger.comBlogger5125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3300920469775922562.post-69019493185454391212012-12-15T16:59:00.001+07:002012-12-15T16:59:45.411+07:00Ilmu Perundang-Undangan<!--[if !mso]>
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<b><span lang="IN" style="line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span></b><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span lang="IN" style="line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Latar
Belakang</span></b></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Dalam pembukaan UUD 1945 tersirat suatu makna,
bahwa Negara Republik Indonesia yang berdiri pada tanggal 17 agustus 1945
adalah Negara yang berdasar atas hukum <i>(Rechtsstaat)</i> dalam arti Negara
pengurus <i>(Verzorgingsstaat)</i>.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="IN" style="line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Pengembangan
ilmu di bidang perundang-undangan dapat mendorong fungsi pembentukan peraturan
perundang-undangan yang sangat diperlukan kehadirannya, oleh karena Negara yang
berdasarkan hukum modern tujuan utamanya dari pembentukan perundang-undangan
bukan lagi menciptakan kodifikasi bagi norma-norma dan nilai-nilai kehidupan
yang sudah mengendap dalam masyarakat, akan tetapi tujuan utama
perundang-undangan itu adalah menciptakan modofikasi atau perubahan dalam
kehidupan masyarakat.</span></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Perbedaan antara kodifikasi dan modifikasi
telah nampak jelas. Peraturan perundang-undangan secara <u>kodifikasi</u> yaitu
penyusunan dan penetapan perundang-undang secara sistematis mengenai bidang
hukum yang agak luas dan dikumpulkan dalam suatu kitab, bentuk hukum ini
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masyarakat yang semakin cepat hanya akan menyebabkan hukum selalu berjalan di
belakang dan akan ketinggalan zaman. Sedangkan <u>modifikasi</u> adalah
peraturan perundang-undangan yang menetapkan peraturan-peraturan baru dan yang
mengubah hubungan-hubungan social.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 27.0pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Dalam penerapannya, baik dengan kodifikasi
maupun modifikasi terdapat berbagai keuntungan dan kerugian. Apa bila dipakai
cara kodifikasi , seseorang akan dengan mudah menemukan peraturan mengenai
suatu bidang hukum, karena terkumpul dalam suatu kitab undang-undang. Selain
itu akan mudah diterima oleh masyarakat karena di dalamnya terdapat nilai-nilai
yang telah mengendap dalam masyarakat. Kerugiannya adalah bahwa dalam
pembentukannya memerlukan waktu yang lama (dan sering ketinggalan zaman),
selain itu kodifikasi akan sulit melakukan perubahan prinsipil hukum itu.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 27.0pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Dalam modifikasi terdapat keuntungan, antara lain
bahwa pembentukannya tidak memakan waktu yang lama, dan hukum akan selalu
berada di depan walaupun kadang-kadang hukum yang dirumuskan kurang sesuai
dengan kehendak masyarakat.<a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=3300920469775922562#_ftn1" name="_ftnref1" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn1;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">[1]</span></span></span></span></a></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: 35.3pt; mso-list: l17 level1 lfo5; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<b><span lang="IN" style="line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span></b><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span lang="IN" style="line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Pengertian
Ilmu Perundang-undangan</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 27.0pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Ilmu pengetauhan perundang-undangan secara umum
terjemahan dari gesetzgebungswissenschaft adalah suatu cabang ilmu baru, yang
mula-mula berkembang di Eropa Barat, terutama di Negara-negara yang berbahasa
Jerman. Istilah lain yang juga sering dipakai adalah Wetgevingswetenschap, atau
science of legislation.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 27.0pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Tokoh-tokoh utama yang mencetuskan bidang ilmu
ini antara lain adalah peter noll (1973) dengan istilah gesetzgebunglehre,
jurgen rodig (1975), dengan istilah gesetzgebunglehre, burkhardt krems (1979)
dan Werner maihofer (1981) dengan istilah gesetzgebungswissenchaft. Di belanda
antara lain S.O. van poelje (1980) dengan istilah wetgevingsleer atau
wetgevingskunde, dan W.G van der velden (1988) dengan istilah
wetgevingstheorie, sedangkan di Indonesia diajukan oleh Hamid S. Attamimi (1975)
dengan istilah ilmu pengetauhan perundang-undangan.<a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=3300920469775922562#_ftn2" name="_ftnref2" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn2;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">[2]</span></span></span></span></a></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 27.0pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Menurut burkhadt krems, ilmu pengetauhan
perundang-undangan adalah ilmu pengetauhan tentang pembentukan peraturan
Negara, yang merupakan ilmu yang bersifat interdisipliner. Selain itu, ilmu
peraturan perundang-undangan juga berhubungan dengan ilmu politik dan
sosiologi, secara garis besar dapat dibagi menjadi dua bagian besar, yaitu </span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="IN" style="line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Teori
perundang-undangan yaitu berorientasi pada mencari kejelasan dan kejernihan
makna atau pengertian-pengertian dan bersifat kognitif</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="IN" style="line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Ilmu
perundang-undangan yaitu berorientasi pada melakukan perbuatan dalam hal
pembentukan peraturan perundang-undangan dan bersifat normatif. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="IN" style="line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Burkhardt krems membagi lagi bagian kedua
tersebut kedalam tiga sub bagian yaitu</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<i><span lang="IN" style="line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span></i><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="IN" style="line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Proses
perundang-undangan <i>(gesetzebungverfahren)</i></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="IN" style="line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Metode
perundang-undangan <i>(gesetzebungsmethode)</i></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="IN" style="line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Teknik
perundang-undangan <i>(gesetzebungstechnic)</i></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; text-align: center;">
<span lang="IN" style="line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">ILMU PENGETAHUAN PERUNDANG-UNDANGAN<a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=3300920469775922562#_ftn3" name="_ftnref3" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn3;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">[3]</span></span></span></span></a></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="height: 2px; left: 0px; margin-left: 116px; margin-top: 213px; mso-ignore: vglayout; position: absolute; width: 153px; z-index: 4;"><img height="2" src="file:///C:/Users/ASUS/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image001.gif" width="153" /></span><span style="height: 18px; left: 0px; margin-left: 116px; margin-top: 213px; mso-ignore: vglayout; position: absolute; width: 2px; z-index: 5;"><img height="18" src="file:///C:/Users/ASUS/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image002.gif" width="2" /></span><span style="height: 20px; left: 0px; margin-left: 410px; margin-top: 212px; mso-ignore: vglayout; position: absolute; width: 4px; z-index: 3;"><img height="20" src="file:///C:/Users/ASUS/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image003.gif" width="4" /></span><span style="height: 20px; left: 0px; margin-left: 282px; margin-top: 212px; mso-ignore: vglayout; position: absolute; width: 4px; z-index: 2;"><img height="20" src="file:///C:/Users/ASUS/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image003.gif" width="4" /></span><span style="height: 4px; left: 0px; margin-left: 266px; margin-top: 212px; mso-ignore: vglayout; position: absolute; width: 230px; z-index: 1;"><img height="4" src="file:///C:/Users/ASUS/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image004.gif" width="230" /></span><span style="line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-no-proof: yes;"><img height="303" src="file:///C:/Users/ASUS/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image006.gif" width="605" /></span><span lang="IN" style="line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: 35.3pt; mso-list: l17 level1 lfo5; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<b><span lang="IN" style="line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span></b><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span lang="IN" style="line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Fungsi Peraturan Perundang-Undangan</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="IN" style="line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Fungsi
peraturan perundang-undangan, yang dapat dibagi menjadi dua kelompok utama,
yaitu:</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="mso-list: l14 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="IN" style="line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Fungsi Internal, adalah fungsi pengaturan
perundang-undangan sebagai sub sistem hukum (hukum perundang-undangan) terhadap
sistem kaidah hukum pada umumnya secara internal, peraturan perundang-undangan
menjalankan fungsi penciptaan hukum, fungsi pembaharuan hukum, fungsi integrasi
pluralisme hukum, fungsi kepastian hukum.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="IN" style="line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Secara
internal, peraturan perundang-undangan menjalankan beberapa fungsi</span><span lang="IN" style="line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">:</span><span lang="IN" style="line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="mso-list: l18 level1 lfo4; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">a.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="IN" style="line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Fungsi
penciptaan hukum.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 27.0pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Penciptaan
hukum (<i>rechtschepping</i>) yang melahirkan sistem kaidah hukum yang berlaku
umum dilakukan atau terjadi melalui beberapa cara yaitu melalui
putusan hakim (yurisprudensi). Kebiasaan yang tumbuh sebagai praktek dalam
kehidupan masyarakat atau negara<i>, </i>dan peraturan perundang-undangan
sebagai keputusan tertulis pejabat atau lingkungan jabatan yang berwenang yang
berlaku secara umum. Secara<i> </i>tidak langsung, hukum dapat pula terbentuk
melalui ajaran-ajaran hukum (doktrin) yang diterima dan digunakan dalam
pembentukan hukum.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="mso-list: l18 level1 lfo4; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">b.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="IN" style="line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Fungsi
pembaharuan hukum.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 27.0pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Peraturan
perundang-undangan merupakan instrumen yang efektif dalam pembaharuan hukum (<i>law
reform</i>) dibandingkan dengan penggunaan hukum kebiasaan atau hukum
yurisprudensi. Telah dikemukakan, pembentukan peraturan perundang-undangan
dapat direncanakan, sehingga pembaharuan hukum dapat pula direncakan. Peraturan
perundang-undangan tidak hanya melakukan fungi pembaharuan terhadap peraturan
perundang-undangan (yang telah ada). Peraturan perundang-undangan dapat pula
dipergunakan Sebagai sarana memperbaharui yurisprudensi. Hukum kebiasaan atau
hukum adat. Fungsi pembaharuan terhadap peraturan perundang-undangan antara
lain dalam rangka mengganti peraturan perundang-undangan dari masa pemerintahan
Hindia Belanda. Tidak pula kalah pentingnya memperbaharui peraturan
perundang-undangan nasional (dibuat setelah kemerdekaan) yang tidak
sesuai lagi dengan kebutuhan dan perkembangan baru. Di bidang hukum kebiasaan
atau hukum adat. Peraturan perundang-undangan berfungsi mengganti hukum
kebiasaan atau hukum adat yang tidak sesuai dengan kenyataan-kenyataan baru. Pemanfaat
peraturan perundang-undangan sebagai instrumen pembaharuan hukum kebiasaan atau
hukum adat sangat bermanfaat, karena dalam hal-hal tertentu kedua hukum yang
disebut belakangan tersebut sangat rigid terhadap perubahan. </span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="mso-list: l18 level1 lfo4; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">c.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="IN" style="line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Fungsi
integrasi pluralisme sistem hukum</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 27.0pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Pada
saat ini masih berlaku berbagai sistem hukum (empat macam sistem hukum), yaitu:
“sistem hukum kontinental (Barat), sistem hukum adat, sistem hukum agama
(khususnya lslam) dan sistem hukum nasional”. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 27.0pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Pluralisme
sistem hukum yang berlaku hingga saat ini merupakan salah satu warisan kolonial
yang harus ditata kembali. Penataan kembali berbagai sistem hukum tersebut
tidaklah dimaksudkan meniadakan berbagai sistem hukum – terutama sistem hukum
yang hidup sebagai satu kenyataan<i> </i>yang dianut dan dipertahankan dalam
pergaulan masyarakat. Pembangunan sistem hukum nasional adalah dalam rangka <u>mengintegrasikan
berbagai sistem hukum tersebut sehingga tersusun dalam satu tatanan yang
harmonis satu sama lain.</u> Mengenai pluralisme kaidah hukum sepenuhnya
bergantung pada kebutuhan hukum masyarakat. Kaidah hukum dapat berbeda antara
berbagai kelompok masyarakat, tergantung pada keadaan dan kebutuhan masyarakat
yang bersangkutan.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="mso-list: l18 level1 lfo4; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">d.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="IN" style="line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Fungsi
kepastian hukum</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 27.0pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Kepastian
hukum (<i>rechtszekerheid, legal certainty)</i> merupaken asas penting dalam
tindakan hukum (<i>rechtshandeling</i>) dan penegakan hukum (<i>hendhaving,
uitvoering</i>). Telah menjadi pengetahuan umum, bahwa peraturan
perundang-undangan depat memberikan kepastian hukum yang lebih tinggi dan pada
hukum kebiasan, hukum adat, atau hukum yurisprudensi. Namun, perlu diketahui,
kepastian hukum peraturan perundang-undangan tidak semata-mata diletakkan pada
bentuknya yang tertulis (<i>geschreven, written</i>).</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="mso-list: l14 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="IN" style="line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Fungsi Eksternal</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 27.0pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Fungsi
Eksternal, adalah keterkaitan peraturan perundang-undangan dengan tempat
berlakunya. Fungsi eksternal ini dapat disebut sebagai fungsi sosial hukum,
yang meliputi fungsi perubahan, fungsi stabilisasi, fungsi kemudahan. Dengan
demikian, fungsi ini dapat juga berlaku pada hukum-hukum kebiasaan, hukum adat,
atau hukum yurisprudensi. Bagi Indonesia, fungsi sosial ini akan lebih
diperankan oleh peraturan perundang-undangan, karena berbagai pertimbangan yang
sudah disebutkan di muka. Fungsi sosial ini dapat dibedakan: </span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: 58.5pt; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo6; text-align: justify; text-indent: -13.5pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">a)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="IN" style="line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Fungsi perubahan</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 27.0pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Telah
lama di kalangan pendidikan hukum diperkenalkan fungsi perubahan ini
yaitu hukum sebagai sarana pembaharuan (<i>law as</i> <i>social engineering</i>).
Peraturan perundang-undangan diciptakan atau dibentuk untuk mendorong
perubahan masyarakat di bidang ekonomi, sosial, maupun budaya. Masyarakat
“patrilineal” atau “matrilineal” dapat didorong menuju masyarakat “parental”
melalui peraturan perundang-undangan perkawinan.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo6; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">b)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="IN" style="line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Fungsi stabilisasi</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 27.0pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Peraturan
perundang-undangan dapat pula berfungsi sebagai stabilisasi. Peraturan
perundang-undangan di bidang pidana, di bidang ketertiban dan keamanan adalah
kaidah-kaidah yang terutama bertujuan menjami stabilitas masyarakat. Kaidah
stabilitas dapat pula mencakup kegiatan ekonomi, seperti pengaturan kerja,
pengaturan tata cara perniagaan dan lain-lain. Demikian pula di lapangan
pengawasan terhadap budaya luar, dapat pula berfungsi menstabilkan sistem
soeial budaya yang telah ada.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo6; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">c)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="IN" style="line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Fungsi kemudahan</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 27.0pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Peraturan
perundang-undangan dapat pula dipergunakan sebagai sarana mengatur berbagai
kemudahan (fasilitas). Peraturan perundang-undangan yang berisi ketentuan
insentif seperti keringanan pajak, penundaan pengenaan pajak, penyederhanaan
tata cara perizinan, struktur permodalan dalam penanaman modal merupakan
kaidah-kaidah kemudahan. Namun perlu diperhatikan, tidak selamanya, peraturan
kemudahan akan serta merta membuahkan tujuan pemberian kemudahan. Dalam
penanaman modal misalnya, selain kemudahan-kemudahan seperti disebutkan di atas
diperlukan juga persyaratan lain seperti stabilitas politik, sarana dan
prasarana ekonomi, ketenagakerjaan, dan lain sebagainya.<a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=3300920469775922562#_ftn4" name="_ftnref4" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn4;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">[4]</span></span></span></span></a></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 28.05pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Uraian lain tentang fungsi peraturan
perundang-undangan dikemukakan oleh ahli peraturan perundang-undangan kenamaan
seperti Robert Baldwin & Martin Cave<a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=3300920469775922562#_ftn5" name="_ftnref5" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn5;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">[5]</span></span></span></span></a>,
yang mengemukakan bahwa peraturan perundang-undangan memiliki fungsi:</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 46.75pt; mso-list: l19 level1 lfo12; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.7pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Goudy Old Style","serif"; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Goudy Old Style"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Goudy Old Style";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">a.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="IN" style="line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">mencegah monopoli atau ketimpangan kepemilikan
sumber daya;</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 46.75pt; mso-list: l19 level1 lfo12; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.7pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Goudy Old Style","serif"; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Goudy Old Style"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Goudy Old Style";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">b.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="IN" style="line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">mengurangi dampak negatif dari suatu aktivitas
di komunitas atau lingkungannya;</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 46.75pt; mso-list: l19 level1 lfo12; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.7pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Goudy Old Style","serif"; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Goudy Old Style"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Goudy Old Style";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">c.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="IN" style="line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">membuka informasi bagi publik dan mendorong
kesetaraan antar kelompok (mendorong perubahan institusi, atau <i>affirmative
action</i> kepada kelompok marginal);</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 46.75pt; mso-list: l19 level1 lfo12; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.7pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Goudy Old Style","serif"; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Goudy Old Style"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Goudy Old Style";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">d.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="IN" style="line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">mencegah kelangkaan sumber daya publik dari
eksploitasi jangka pendek;</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 46.75pt; mso-list: l19 level1 lfo12; tab-stops: list 65.45pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.7pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Goudy Old Style","serif"; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Goudy Old Style"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Goudy Old Style";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">e.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="IN" style="line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">menjamin pemerataan kesempatan dan sumber daya
serta keadilan sosial, perluasan akses dan redistribusi sumber daya; dan</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 46.75pt; mso-list: l19 level1 lfo12; tab-stops: list 65.45pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.7pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Goudy Old Style","serif"; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Goudy Old Style"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Goudy Old Style";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">f.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="IN" style="line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">memperlancar koordinasi dan perencanaan dalam
sektor ekonomi.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 28.05pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Dua kutipan fungsi peraturan perundang-udangan
sebagaimana dikemuka-kan di atas, pada dasarnya menunjuk pada keberadaan fungsi
sebuah hukum atau peraturan perundang-undangan dalam sebuah negara yang
berdasarkan hukum. Sebagai negara hukum dan menganut paham konstsitusionalisme,
Indonesia jelas membutuhkan adanya berbagai pembatasan kewenangan negara dan
jaminan serta komitmen negara untuk memenuhi hak-hak warga negara, secara
tertulis. Hal yang sama juga terjadi di negara-negara lain. Di sinilah
peraturan perundang-undangan menjalankan fungsi utamanya, yakni sebagai
instrumen sekaligus kerangka arah pembangunan nasional.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 28.05pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Merujuk pada fungsi peraturan
perundang-undangan sesuai dengan jenis-jenisnya, UU No. 10 Tahun 2004 secara
implisit menyebutkan fungsi-fungsi sebagai berikut: </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 56.1pt; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo11; tab-stops: list 56.1pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -28.05pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">a.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="IN" style="line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Fungsi UUD 1945</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 84.15pt; mso-list: l8 level4 lfo11; tab-stops: list 84.15pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -28.05pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Goudy Old Style","serif"; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Goudy Old Style"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Goudy Old Style";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="IN" style="line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Menentukan pembatasan terhadap kekuasaan
sebagai satu fungsi konstitusionalisme.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 84.15pt; mso-list: l8 level4 lfo11; tab-stops: list 84.15pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -28.05pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Goudy Old Style","serif"; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Goudy Old Style"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Goudy Old Style";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="IN" style="line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Memberikan<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>legitimasi terhadap kekuasaan pemerintahan.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 84.15pt; mso-list: l8 level4 lfo11; tab-stops: list 84.15pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -28.05pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Goudy Old Style","serif"; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Goudy Old Style"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Goudy Old Style";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="IN" style="line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Sebagai instrumen untuk mengalihkan kewenangan
dari pemegang kekuasaan asal (baik rakyat dalam sistem demokrasi atau Raja
dalam sistem Monarki) kepada organ-organ kekuasaan negara.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 84.15pt; mso-list: l8 level4 lfo11; tab-stops: list 84.15pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -28.05pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Goudy Old Style","serif"; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Goudy Old Style"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Goudy Old Style";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="IN" style="line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Sebagai kepala negara simbolik.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 84.15pt; mso-list: l8 level4 lfo11; tab-stops: list 84.15pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -28.05pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Goudy Old Style","serif"; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Goudy Old Style"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Goudy Old Style";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">5.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="IN" style="line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Sebagai kitab suci simbolik dari suatu
agama<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><i>civil</i> atau syari’at negara
(<i>civil religion</i>).</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 56.1pt; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo11; tab-stops: list 56.1pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -28.05pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">b.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="IN" style="line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Fungsi Undang-undang/ Peraturan Pemerintah
Pengganti Undang-undang</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 84.15pt; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo7; tab-stops: .25in 84.15pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -28.05pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="IN" style="line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Menyelenggarakan peraturan lebih lanjut
ketentuan dalam UUD 1945 yang tegas-tegas menyebutnya.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 84.15pt; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo7; tab-stops: .25in 84.15pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -28.05pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="IN" style="line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Pengaturan lebih lanjut secara umum aturan
dasar lainnya dalam batang tubuh UUD 1945.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 84.15pt; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo7; tab-stops: .25in 84.15pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -28.05pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="IN" style="line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Pengaturan lebih lanjut materi UUD 1945.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 56.1pt; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo11; tab-stops: list 56.1pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -28.05pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">c.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="IN" style="line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Fungsi Peraturan Pemerintah</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 84.15pt; mso-list: l11 level1 lfo8; tab-stops: .25in 84.15pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -28.05pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="IN" style="line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Pengaturan lebih lanjut dalam ketentuan UU yang
lebih tegas menyebutnya.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 84.15pt; mso-list: l11 level1 lfo8; tab-stops: .25in 84.15pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -28.05pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="IN" style="line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Menyelenggarakan lebih lanjut ketentuan dalam
UU yang mengatur meskipun tidak tegas-tegas menyebutnya.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 56.1pt; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo11; tab-stops: list 56.1pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -28.05pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">d.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="IN" style="line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Fungsi Peraturan Presiden</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 84.15pt; mso-list: l20 level1 lfo9; tab-stops: .25in 84.15pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -28.05pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="IN" style="line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Pengaturan lebih lanjut ketentuan UU dan untuk
melaksanakan Peraturan Pemerintah.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 84.15pt; mso-list: l20 level1 lfo9; tab-stops: .25in 84.15pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -28.05pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="IN" style="line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Menyelenggarakan pengaturan secara umum dalam
rangka menyelenggarakan kekuasaan pemerintah.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 74.8pt; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo11; tab-stops: 56.1pt list 180.7pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -46.75pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">e.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="IN" style="line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Fungsi Peraturan Daerah</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 84.15pt; mso-list: l13 level1 lfo10; tab-stops: .25in 84.15pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -28.05pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="IN" style="line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Menyelenggarakan lebih lanjut ketentuan UU,
Peraturan Pemerintah, Peraturan Presiden, Peraturan Menteri, yang secara tegas
menyebutnya.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 84.15pt; mso-list: l13 level1 lfo10; tab-stops: .25in 84.15pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -28.05pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="IN" style="line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Menyelenggarakan lebih lanjut kententuan dalam
rangka penyelenggaraan otonomi daerah. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 56.1pt; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo11; tab-stops: list 56.1pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -28.05pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">f.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="IN" style="line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Fungsi Peraturan selain Peraturan
Perundang-udangan</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 84.15pt; mso-list: l13 level4 lfo10; tab-stops: list 84.15pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -28.05pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="IN" style="line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Menyelenggarakan lebih lanjut ketentuan
Undang-undang, Peraturan Pemerintah, dan peraturan peraturan perundang-undangan
yang berada pada hirarkhi di atasnya.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 84.2pt; mso-list: l13 level4 lfo10; tab-stops: list 84.15pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -28.05pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="IN" style="line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Menyelenggarakan lebih lanjut ketentuan dalam
rangka penyelenggaraan tugas-tugas dan fungsi-fungsi kelembagaan masing-masing,
yang secara tegas disebutkan atau diperintahkan oleh peraturan
perundang-undangan yang ada pada hirarkhi lebih tinggi.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 21.85pt; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo13; tab-stops: 28.05pt list 49.8pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.85pt;">
<b><span lang="IN" style="line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span></b><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span lang="IN" style="line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Asas-Asas Pembentuk Peraturan
perundang-undangan</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: 28.05pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 28.05pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Asas
adalah dasar atau sesuatu yang dijadikan tumpuan berpikir, berpendapat dan
bertindak<a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=3300920469775922562#_ftn6" name="_ftnref6" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn6;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">[6]</span></span></span></span></a>.
Asas-asas pembentuk peraturan perundang-undangan berati dasar atau sesuatu yang
dijadikan tumpuan dalam menyusun peraturan perundang-undangan. Padanan kata
asas adalah prinisip yang berarti kebenaran yang menjadi pokok dasar dalam
berpikir, berpendapat dan bertindak.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.3pt;">
<span lang="IN">Asas juga merupakan sandaran di dalam
pembentukan </span><span lang="IN" style="line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Perundang-undangan</span><span lang="IN"> diatur di dalam Undang-undang Nomor 10 Tahun 2004 tentang pembentukan
Peraturan </span><span lang="IN" style="line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Perundang-undangan</span><span lang="IN">. Di dalam undang-undang tersebut asas di bagi menjadi dua, yaitu asas
Perunang-undangan dan asas materi muatan Perundang-undangan.<a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=3300920469775922562#_ftn7" name="_ftnref7" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn7;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">[7]</span></span></span></span></a></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: 28.05pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 28.05pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Dalam
menyusun peraturan Perundang-undangan banyak para ahli yang mengemukakan
pendapatnya. Meskipun berbeda redaksi, pada dasarnya beragam pendapat itu
mengarah pada substansi yang sama. Berikut ini akan dikemukakan beberapa pendapat
ahli, kemudian penulis akan mengklasifikasikannya ke dalam dua bagian kelompok
asas utama (1) asas materil atau prinsip-prinsip substantif; dan (2) asas
formal atau prinsip-prinsip teknik pembentukan peraturan perundang-undangan.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: 28.05pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 28.05pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Prof.
Purnadi Purbacaraka dan Prof. Soerjono Soekanto<a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=3300920469775922562#_ftn8" name="_ftnref8" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn8;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">[8]</span></span></span></span></a>,
memperkenalkan enam asas sebagai berikut: </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 56.1pt; mso-list: l6 level2 lfo19; text-align: justify; text-indent: -28.05pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">a.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="IN" style="line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Peraturan perundang-undangan tidak berlaku
surut <i>(non retroaktif)</i>; </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 56.1pt; mso-list: l6 level2 lfo19; text-align: justify; text-indent: -28.05pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">b.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="IN" style="line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Peraturan perundang-undangan yang dibuat oleh
penguasa yang lebih tinggi, mempunyai kedudukan yang lebih tinggi pula; </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 56.1pt; mso-list: l6 level2 lfo19; text-align: justify; text-indent: -28.05pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">c.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="IN" style="line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Peraturan perundang-undangan yang bersifat
khusus menyampingkan peraturan perundang-undangan yang bersifat umum <i>(lex
specialis derogat lex generalis);</i></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 56.1pt; mso-list: l6 level2 lfo19; text-align: justify; text-indent: -28.05pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">d.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="IN" style="line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Peraturan perundang-undangan yang berlaku
belakangan membatal-kan peraturan perundang-undangan yang berlaku terdahulu <i>(lex
posteriori derogate lex periori)</i>;</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 56.1pt; mso-list: l6 level2 lfo19; text-align: justify; text-indent: -28.05pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">e.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="IN" style="line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Peraturan perundang-undangan tidak dapat di
ganggu gugat;</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 56.1pt; mso-list: l6 level2 lfo19; text-align: justify; text-indent: -28.05pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">f.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="IN" style="line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Peraturan perundang-undangan sebagai sarana
untuk semaksimal mungkin dapat mencapai kesejahteraan spiritual dan materil
bagi masyarakat maupun individu, melalui pembaharuan atau pelestarian <i>(asas
welvaarstaat)</i>.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 28.05pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Hampir sama dengan pendapat ahli sebelumnya
Amiroedin Sjarief, mengajukan lima asas, sebagai berikut:<a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=3300920469775922562#_ftn9" name="_ftnref9" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn9;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">[9]</span></span></span></span></a></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 56.1pt; mso-list: l6 level5 lfo19; tab-stops: .25in list 56.1pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -28.05pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">a.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="IN" style="line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Asas tingkatan hirarkhi;</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 56.1pt; mso-list: l6 level5 lfo19; tab-stops: .25in list 56.1pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -28.05pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">b.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="IN" style="line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Peraturan perundang-undangan tidak dapat di
ganggu gugat;</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 56.1pt; mso-list: l6 level5 lfo19; tab-stops: .25in list 56.1pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -28.05pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">c.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="IN" style="line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Peraturan perundang-undangan yang bersifat
khusus menyam-pingkan UU yang bersifat umum <i>(lex specialis derogate lex
generalis);</i></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 56.1pt; mso-list: l6 level5 lfo19; tab-stops: .25in list 56.1pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -28.05pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">d.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="IN" style="line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Peraturan perundang-undangan tidak berlaku
surut;</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 56.1pt; mso-list: l6 level5 lfo19; tab-stops: .25in list 56.1pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -28.05pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">e.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="IN" style="line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">UU yang baru menyampingkan UU yang lama <i>(lex
posteriori derogat lex periori).</i></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 28.05pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Pendapat yang lebih terperinci di kemukakan
oleh I.C van der Vliesdi mana asas-asas pembentukan peraturan
perundang-undangan dapat dibagi menjadi dua, yaitu asas formal dan asas
materil. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 28.05pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Asas formal mencakup:<a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=3300920469775922562#_ftn10" name="_ftnref10" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn10;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">[10]</span></span></span></span></a></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 56.1pt; mso-list: l16 level1 lfo14; tab-stops: 56.1pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -28.05pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">a.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="IN" style="line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Asas tujuan yang jelas <i>(beginsel van duetlijke
doelstelling);</i></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 56.1pt; mso-list: l16 level1 lfo14; tab-stops: 56.1pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -28.05pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">b.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="IN" style="line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Asas organ / lembaga yang tepat <i>(beginsel
van het juiste organ);</i></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 56.1pt; mso-list: l16 level1 lfo14; tab-stops: 56.1pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -28.05pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">c.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="IN" style="line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Asas perlu pengaturan <i>(het noodzakelijkheids
beginsel);</i></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 56.1pt; mso-list: l16 level1 lfo14; tab-stops: 56.1pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -28.05pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">d.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="IN" style="line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Asas dapat dilaksanakan <i>(het beginsel van
uitvoorbaarheid);</i></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 56.1pt; mso-list: l16 level1 lfo14; tab-stops: 56.1pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -28.05pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">e.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="IN" style="line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Asas konsensus <i>(het beginsel van consensus).</i></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 28.05pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Sedangkan yang masuk asas materiil adalah
sebagai berkut:</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 56.1pt; mso-list: l15 level1 lfo15; text-align: justify; text-indent: -28.05pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">a.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="IN" style="line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Asas terminologi dan sistimatika yang benar <i>(het
beginsel van duitdelijke terminologie en duitdelijke systematiek),</i></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 56.1pt; mso-list: l15 level1 lfo15; text-align: justify; text-indent: -28.05pt;">
<i><span lang="IN" style="line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">b.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span></i><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="IN" style="line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Asas dapat dikenali <i>(het beginsel van de
kenbaarheid);</i></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 56.1pt; mso-list: l15 level1 lfo15; tab-stops: 56.1pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -28.05pt;">
<i><span lang="IN" style="line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">c.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span></i><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="IN" style="line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Asas perlakuan yang sama dalam hukum <i>(het
rechsgelijkheids beginsel);</i></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 56.1pt; mso-list: l15 level1 lfo15; text-align: justify; text-indent: -28.05pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">d.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="IN" style="line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Asas kepastian hukum <i>(het
rechtszekerheidsbeginsel);</i></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 56.1pt; mso-list: l15 level1 lfo15; text-align: justify; text-indent: -28.05pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">e.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="IN" style="line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Asas pelaksanaan hukum sesuai dengan keadaan
individual <i>(het beginsel van de individuale rechtsbedeling).</i> </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 27.7pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Pendapat terakhir dikemukakan oleh A. Hamid S.
Attamimi sebagaimana dikutip oleh Maria Farida,<a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=3300920469775922562#_ftn11" name="_ftnref11" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn11;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">[11]</span></span></span></span></a>
yang mengatakan bahwa pembentukan peraturan perundang–undangan Indonesia yang
patut akan mengikuti pedoman dan bimbingan yang diberikan oleh cita negara
hukum yang tidak lain adalah Pancasila, yang oleh Attamimi diistilahkan sebagai
bintang pemandu, prinsip negara hukum dan konstitusionalisme, di mana sebuah
negara menganut paham konstitusi.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 28.05pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Lebih lanjut mengenai A. Hamid. S. Attamimi,
mengatakan jika dihubungkan pembagian atas asas formal dan materil, maka
pembagiannya sebagai berikut :</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l12 level1 lfo16; text-align: justify; text-indent: -25.95pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">a.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="IN" style="line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Asas–asas formal:</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 84.15pt; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo17; tab-stops: 84.15pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -30.3pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Goudy Old Style","serif"; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Goudy Old Style"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Goudy Old Style";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="IN" style="line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Asas tujuan yang jelas.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 84.15pt; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo17; tab-stops: 84.15pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -30.3pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Goudy Old Style","serif"; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Goudy Old Style"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Goudy Old Style";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="IN" style="line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Asas perlunya pengaturan.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 84.15pt; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo17; tab-stops: 84.15pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -30.3pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Goudy Old Style","serif"; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Goudy Old Style"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Goudy Old Style";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="IN" style="line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Asas organ / lembaga yang tepat.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 84.15pt; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo17; tab-stops: 84.15pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -30.3pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Goudy Old Style","serif"; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Goudy Old Style"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Goudy Old Style";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="IN" style="line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Asas materi muatan yang tepat.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 84.15pt; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo17; tab-stops: 84.15pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -30.3pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Goudy Old Style","serif"; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Goudy Old Style"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Goudy Old Style";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">5.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="IN" style="line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Asas dapat dilaksanakan.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 84.15pt; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo20; tab-stops: 84.15pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -30.3pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="IN" style="line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Asas dapat dikenali.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l12 level1 lfo16; text-align: justify; text-indent: -25.95pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">b.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="IN" style="line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Asas–asas materiil:</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 84.15pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo18; tab-stops: .25in 84.15pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -30.15pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="IN" style="line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Asas sesuai dengan cita hukum Indonesia dan
norma fundamental negara.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 84.15pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo18; tab-stops: .25in 84.15pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -30.15pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="IN" style="line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Asas sesuai dengan hukum dasar negara.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 84.15pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo18; tab-stops: .25in 84.15pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -30.15pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="IN" style="line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Asas sesuai dengan prinsip negara berdasarkan
hukum.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 84.15pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo18; tab-stops: .25in 84.15pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -30.15pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="IN" style="line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Asas sesuai dengan prinsip pemerintahan
berdasarkan konstitusi.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 28.05pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Dalam Islam, prinsip-prinsip perumusan
peraturan perundang-undangan (qanun) juga telah lama diperkenalkan oleh ahli
Islam seperti Al Ghazali, Ibnu al Qayyim al Jauziyah, dan tokoh-tokoh
kontemporer lainnya. Beberapa prinsip itu antara lain:</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 56.1pt; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo21; tab-stops: list 56.1pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -28.05pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">a.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="IN" style="line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Pluralisme <i>(al ta’addudiyyah)</i>; suatu
prinsip keanekaragaman, di mana setiap peraturan perundang-undangan yang
disusun harus menghargai, mengakomodasi keberagaman di suatu komunitas.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 56.1pt; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo21; tab-stops: list 56.1pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -28.05pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">b.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="IN" style="line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Nasionalitas <i>(muwathanah)</i>; spirit
nasionalisme yang melandasi bangunan bangsa Indonesia harus menjadi batu pijak
dan poros dalam perumusan kebijakan (meskipun ia berbasis pada syariat Islam).</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 56.1pt; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo21; tab-stops: list 56.1pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -28.05pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">c.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="IN" style="line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Penegakan hak asasi manusia <i>(iqamat al huquq
al Insaniyah)</i>; menurut Imam Ghazali adalah bahwa perumusan kebijakan
dioreintasikan pada komitmen untuk melindungi hak-hak kemanusiaan. hak asasi
manusia juga diacu sebagai landasan perumusan materi kebijakan.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 56.15pt; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="IN" style="line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Terdapat enam hak yang dikenal dalam disiplin
Syariat Islam:</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 84.15pt; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo18; tab-stops: list 84.15pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -28.05pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">a.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="IN" style="line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Hak untuk hidup <i>(hifdz al nafs aw al hayat)</i></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 84.15pt; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo18; tab-stops: list 84.15pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -28.05pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">b.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="IN" style="line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Hak kebebasan beragama<i> (hifdz a din)</i></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 84.15pt; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo18; tab-stops: list 84.15pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -28.05pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">c.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="IN" style="line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Hak kebebasan berfikir <i>(hifdz al aqli)</i></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 84.15pt; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo18; tab-stops: list 84.15pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -28.05pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">d.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="IN" style="line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Hak properti<i> (hifdz al maal)</i></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 84.15pt; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo18; tab-stops: list 84.15pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -28.05pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">e.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="IN" style="line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Hak untuk mempertahankan nama baik <i>(hifdz al
irdh)</i></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 84.15pt; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo18; tab-stops: list 84.15pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -28.05pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">f.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="IN" style="line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Hak untuk memiliki garis keturunan <i>(hifdz al
nasl)</i></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 56.1pt; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo21; tab-stops: list 56.1pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -28.05pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">d.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="IN" style="line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Demokratis: secara prinsipil nilai-nilai Islam
berkesesuaian <i>(compatibel)</i> dengan nilai-nilai demokrasi. Beberapa di
antaranya:</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 84.15pt; mso-list: l10 level2 lfo21; tab-stops: 84.15pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -28.05pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">a.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="IN" style="line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Egalitarianisme <i>(al musawah)</i></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 84.15pt; mso-list: l10 level2 lfo21; tab-stops: 84.15pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -28.05pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">b.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="IN" style="line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Kemerdekaan <i>(al hurriyyah)</i></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 84.15pt; mso-list: l10 level2 lfo21; tab-stops: 84.15pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -28.05pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">c.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="IN" style="line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Persaudaraan (<i>al ukhuwwah)</i></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 84.15pt; mso-list: l10 level2 lfo21; tab-stops: 84.15pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -28.05pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">d.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="IN" style="line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Keadilan <i>(al adalah)</i></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 84.15pt; mso-list: l10 level2 lfo21; tab-stops: 84.15pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -28.05pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">e.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="IN" style="line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Musyawarah <i>(al syuro)</i></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 84.15pt; mso-list: l10 level2 lfo21; tab-stops: 84.15pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -28.05pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">f.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="IN" style="line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Kemaslahatan <i>(al mashlahah)</i></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 56.1pt; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="IN" style="line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Ibnu al Qayyim al Jauziyah menyebutkan bahwa
syariat Islam itu dibangun untk mewujudkan nilai-nilai universal seperti: <i>al
mashlahah</i> (kemaslahatan), <i>al adalah</i> (keadilan), <i>al rahmat</i>
(kasih sayang), <i>al hikmah</i> (kebijaksanaan). </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 56.1pt; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo21; tab-stops: list 56.1pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -28.05pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">e.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="IN" style="line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Kesetaraan dan keadilan gender: setiap
kebijakan disusun tidak boleh membedakan setiap jenis kelamin. Ia harus
mengakomodasi dan mensetarakan gender.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.7pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Berbagai pendapat yang dikemukakan oleh para
ahli di atas, pada dasarnya menunjuk pada bagaimana sebuah peraturan
perundang-undangan dibuat, baik dari segi materi-materi yang harus dimuat dalam
peraturan perundang-undangan, cara atau teknik pembuatannya, akurasi organ
pembentuk, dan lain-lain. Untuk memudahkan pemahaman, di bawah ini akan
diuraikan penjelasan asas-asas itu yang dikelompokkan ke dalam 3 bagian asas
yang harus dipenuhi. Uraian berikut ini sebagian besar mengacu pada UU No. 10
Tahun 2004 tentang Pembentukan Peraturan perundang-undangan, dengan tambahan
dan penjelasan yang dideduksi dari uraian para ahli.</span><span style="line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"></span></div>
<div style="mso-element: footnote-list;">
<br clear="all" />
<hr align="left" size="1" width="33%" />
<div id="ftn1" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="line-height: 150%;">
<a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=3300920469775922562#_ftnref1" name="_ftn1" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn1;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[1]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> Maria Farida
Indrati Soeprapto, <b><i>Ilmu Perundang-undangan</i></b>, Yogyakarta: Kanisius,
2007, <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>hal. 1-6.</span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn2" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="line-height: 150%;">
<a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=3300920469775922562#_ftnref2" name="_ftn2" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn2;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[2]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> A. Hanid S.
Attamimi, <b>Ilmu Pengetahuan Perundang-undangan dan pengemangan pengajarannya
di fakultas hukum, </b></span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn3" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="line-height: 150%;">
<a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=3300920469775922562#_ftnref3" name="_ftn3" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn3;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[3]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> Ibid, hal.
8-9</span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn4" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="line-height: 150%;">
<a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=3300920469775922562#_ftnref4" name="_ftn4" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn4;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[4]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Bagir Manan,<i> Fungsi dan Materi <b>Peraturan
Perundang-Undangan</b></i></span><b><i><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">,</span></i></b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> (Makalah tidak dipublikasikan), Jakarta, 1994</span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn5" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: -.7pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=3300920469775922562#_ftnref5" name="_ftn5" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn5;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[5]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Robert Baldwin & Martin Cave, <b>Understanding Regulation</b>:
Theory, Strategi and Practice, UK, Oxford University Press: 1999, dalam Luky
Djani, <i>Efektivitas-Biaya dalam Pembuatan Legislasi, </i>Jakarta: Jurnal
Hukum Jentera, Oktober 2005, h. 38</span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn6" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=3300920469775922562#_ftnref6" name="_ftn6" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn6;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[6]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Departemen
Pendidikan Nasional, <b>Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia,</b> Jakarta, Balai
Pustaka, 2002, Edisi III, h.70</span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn7" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="line-height: 150%;">
<a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=3300920469775922562#_ftnref7" name="_ftn7" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn7;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[7]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> Supardan
Modeong, <i>Teknik Perundang-undangan di Indonesia, </i>PT Perca (Jakarta
Timur, 2005), hal. 71</span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn8" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
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Purbacaraka dan Soerjono Soekanto, <b>Peraturan perundang-undangan dan Yurisprudensi</b>,
Bandung: PT. Citra Aditya Bakti, 1989, Cet. Ke-3, h. 7-11</span></div>
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<div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=3300920469775922562#_ftnref9" name="_ftn9" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn9;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[9]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Amiroedin
Sjarif, <b>Peundang-undangan Dasar</b><i>; </i>Jenis dan Teknik Membuatnya<i>, </i>Jakarta:
Rineka Cipta, 1997, h. 78-84</span></div>
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<div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
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Attamimi, <b>Peranan Keputusan Presiden Republik Indonesia dalam Penyelenggaraan
Pemerintahan Negara</b><i>; </i>Studi Analisis mengenai Keputusan Presiden yang
Berfungsi Pengaturan dalam Kurun Waktu PELITA I-PELITA IV, Jakarta: Disertasi
Doktor Universitas Indonesia, 1990, h. 330</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span></div>
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<div id="ftn11" style="mso-element: footnote;">
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<a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=3300920469775922562#_ftnref11" name="_ftn11" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn11;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[11]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Maria Farida
Indrati Soeprapto,<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Op. Cit<i>. </i>h.
197</span></div>
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jajat hidayathttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14800864142928577412noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3300920469775922562.post-49363064366967113602012-12-15T16:49:00.000+07:002012-12-15T16:49:03.685+07:00Al-Hakim, Mahkum ‘Alaih, Mahkum Bih Dan Al-Hukm<!--[if !mso]>
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<b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman (Headling)","serif"; mso-ansi-language: IN;">BAB I</span></b></div>
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<b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman (Headling)","serif"; mso-ansi-language: IN;">PENDAHULUAN</span></b></div>
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<b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman (Headling)","serif"; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman \(Headling\)"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman \(Headling\)";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span>I.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span></b><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman (Headling)","serif"; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Latar
Belakang Masalah</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Jika kita berbicara filsafat, kita seakan
berada pada ranah yang sangat abstrak, dan filsafat hukum merupakan cabang dari
filsafat, filsafat hukum mempunyai fungsi yang strategis dalam pembentukan
hukum di Indonesia. Sekedar menyinggung konsep dalam Islam, bahwa Islam menilai
hukum tidak hanya berlaku di dunia saja, akan tetapi juga di akhirat, karena
putusan kebenaran, atau ketetapan sangsi, disamping berhubungan dengan manusia
secara langsung, juga berhubungan dengan Allah SWT, maka manusia disamping ia
mengadopsi hukumhukum yang langsung (baca ; samawi dalam Islam) wahyu Tuhan
yang berbentuk kitab suci, manusia dituntut untuk selalu mencari formula
kebenaran yang berserakan dalam kehidupan masyarakat, yaitu suatu hukum yang
akan mengatur perjalanan masyarakat, dan hukum tersebut haruslah digali tentang
filsafat hukum secara lebih komprehensif yang akan mewujudkan keadilan yang
nyata bagi seluruh golongan, suku, ras, agama yang ada di Indonesia.</span></div>
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<b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman (Headling)","serif"; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman \(Headling\)"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman \(Headling\)";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span>II.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span></b><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman (Headling)","serif"; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Permasalahan</span></b></div>
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<a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=3300920469775922562" name="_GoBack"></a><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman (Headling)","serif"; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Masalah- masalah yang akan penulis bahas dalam makalah ini adalah:</span></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman (Headling)","serif"; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman \(Headling\)"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman \(Headling\)";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman (Headling)","serif"; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Eksistensi
Tuhan terhadap hukum Islam (Al-Hakim)</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .75in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo20; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman (Headling)","serif"; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman \(Headling\)"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman \(Headling\)";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman (Headling)","serif"; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Kompetensi
Nabi Muhammad dalam Hukum Islam</span></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman (Headling)","serif"; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman \(Headling\)"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman \(Headling\)";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman (Headling)","serif"; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Mahkum‘Alaih</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .75in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo20; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman (Headling)","serif"; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman \(Headling\)"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman \(Headling\)";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman (Headling)","serif"; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Mahkum
Bih</span></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman (Headling)","serif"; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman \(Headling\)"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman \(Headling\)";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">5.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman (Headling)","serif";">Al-Hukm</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman (Headling)","serif"; mso-ansi-language: IN;"></span></div>
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<b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman (Headling)","serif"; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman \(Headling\)"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman \(Headling\)";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span>III.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span></b><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman (Headling)","serif"; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Tujuan
Penulisan</span></b></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman (Headling)","serif"; mso-ansi-language: IN;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Makalah dengan
judul: <i>“</i></span><i><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">al-hakim, mahkum ‘alaih, mahkum bih dan al-hukm”</span></i><i><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman (Headling)","serif"; mso-ansi-language: IN;"> </span></i><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman (Headling)","serif"; mso-ansi-language: IN;">ini bertujuan untuk melengkapi mata kuliah <i>Filsafat
Hukum.</i></span></div>
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<b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman (Headling)","serif"; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman \(Headling\)"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman \(Headling\)";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span>IV.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span></b><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman (Headling)","serif"; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Metode
Penelitian Data</span></b></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman (Headling)","serif"; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Data-
data yang penulis olah menjadi makalah ini diperoleh melalui buku- buku yang
relevan.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman (Headling)","serif";"></span></div>
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<b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman (Headling)","serif"; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman \(Headling\)"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman \(Headling\)";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span>V.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span></b><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman (Headling)","serif"; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Kegunaan
Makalah</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 3; tab-stops: 13.5pt .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 31.5pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman (Headling)","serif"; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Makalah ini dapat digunakan sebagai penambah ilmu
pengetahuan dan sebagai pedoman dan mempelajari dan memahami masalah <i>Filsafat
Hukum.</i></span></div>
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<b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman (Headling)","serif"; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman \(Headling\)"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman \(Headling\)";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span>VI.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span></b><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman (Headling)","serif"; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Sistematika
Penulisan</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo20; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman (Headling)","serif"; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman \(Headling\)"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman \(Headling\)";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">6.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman (Headling)","serif"; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Makalah
ini terdiri dari tiga bab, Bab 1 pendahuluan, terdiri dari latar belakang
masalah, permasalahan, tujuan penulisan, metode pengumpulan data, dan
sistematika penulisan. Bab II Pembahasan, Bab III Penutup terdiri dari
Kesimpulan dan saran. </span></div>
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<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-outline-level: 1; text-align: center;">
<b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">BAB II </span></b></div>
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<b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">PEMBAHASAN</span></b></div>
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<b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">ASPEK-ASPEK HUKUM ISLAM</span></b></div>
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<b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">A.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span></b><span dir="LTR"></span><b><i><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Al-Hakim</span></i></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l14 level1 lfo2; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span></b><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Pengertian <i>Al-Hakim</i> :</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Secara etimologis kata <i>“ </i></span><i><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">حاكم</span></i><span dir="LTR"></span><i><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span dir="LTR"></span> ”</span></i><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"> berasal dari bahasa Arab yang berarti <i>“yang
menghukum”</i> merupakan isim fail dari kata <i>“(</i></span><i><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">حكم, يحكم, حكما</span></i><span dir="LTR"></span><i><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span dir="LTR"></span>)”</span></i><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"> yang berarti <i>“memerintah, menghukum”</i>.<a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=3300920469775922562#_ftn1" name="_ftnref1" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn1;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">[1]</span></span></span></span></a>
Didalam Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, kata <i>“hakim”</i> berarti : <i>“orang
yang mengadili perkara (dalam pengadilan atau mahkamah)”</i> dan didalam bahasa
Inggris disebut dengan <i>“judge”</i>.<a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=3300920469775922562#_ftn2" name="_ftnref2" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn2;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">[2]</span></span></span></span></a> </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Sedangkan secara terminologis hakim adalah
yang menetapkan hukum (dzat yang mengeluarkan hukum).</span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Di kalangan ulama Islam tidak ada perselisihan
pendapat mengenai, bahwasanya sumber hukum <i>syar’iyyah</i> bagi seluruh
orang-orang mukallaf adalah Allah SWT, baik hukumnya mengenai perbuatan
mukallaf itu telah diwahyukan kepada Rasul-Nya ataupun Dia (Allah) memberi
petunjuk kepada para mujtahid untuk mengetahui hukumnya pada perbuatan mukallaf
dengan perantaraan dalil-dalil dan tanda-tanda yang telah disyariatkannya untuk
mengistinbathkan hukum-hukumnya. Oleh karena inilah, ada kesepakatan kata
diantara mereka mengenai definisi hukum <i>syara’</i> sebagai : <i>“Khitab
Allah yang berhubungan dengan perbuatan mukallaf, berupa tuntutan, atau suruhan
memilih, atau ketetapan”.</i><a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=3300920469775922562#_ftn3" name="_ftnref3" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn3;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">[3]</span></span></span></span></a></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Diantara prinsip mereka yang terkenal ialah : </span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="direction: rtl; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.35pt; unicode-bidi: embed;">
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">لاحكم الا لله</span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<i><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">artinya :</span></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<i><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">“Tidak ada hukum kecuali bagi Allah”.</span></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="direction: rtl; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.35pt; unicode-bidi: embed;">
<span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB4; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">È</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB2; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">b</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB4; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">Î</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB1; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">)</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"> ……</span><span dir="RTL"></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span dir="RTL"></span> </span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB4; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;"><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">ã</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB2; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">N</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB4; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">õ</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB2; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">3</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB4; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">ß</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB2; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">Û</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB4; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">ø</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB2; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">9</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB5; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;">$</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB1; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">#</span></span><span dir="RTL"></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span dir="RTL"></span> </span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB5; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;"><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;"></span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB2; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">w</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB4; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">Î</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB1; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">)</span></span><span dir="RTL"></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span dir="RTL"></span> </span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB5; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;"><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;">¬</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB1; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">!</span></span><span dir="RTL"></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span dir="RTL"></span> </span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB4; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;"><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">(</span></span><span dir="RTL"></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span dir="RTL"></span> </span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB4; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;"><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;"></span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB1; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">È</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB4; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">à</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB2; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">)</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB5; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;">t</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB2; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;"></span></span><span dir="RTL"></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span dir="RTL"></span> </span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB4; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;"><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">¨</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB2; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">,</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB5; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;">y</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB1; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">s</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB4; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">ø</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB2; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">9</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB5; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;">$</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB1; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">#</span></span><span dir="RTL"></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span dir="RTL"></span> </span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB4; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;"><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">(</span></span><span dir="RTL"></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span dir="RTL"></span> </span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB5; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;"><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;">u</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB2; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">q</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB4; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">è</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB2; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">d</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB5; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;">u</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB2; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">r</span></span><span dir="RTL"></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span dir="RTL"></span> </span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB4; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;"><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">ç</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB1; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;"></span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB4; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">ö</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB2; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;"></span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB5; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;">y</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB1; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">z</span></span><span dir="RTL"></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span dir="RTL"></span> </span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB5; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;"><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;">t</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB2; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">û</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB3; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB3;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB3;">,</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB4; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">Î</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB3; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB3;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB3;">#</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB4; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">Å</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB1; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">Á</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB2; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">»</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB5; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;">x</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB1; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">ÿ</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB4; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">ø</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB2; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">9</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB5; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;">$</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB1; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">#</span></span><span dir="RTL"></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span dir="RTL"></span> </span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB2; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;"><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">Ç</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB2; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">Î</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB2; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">Ð</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB2; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">È</span></span><span dir="RTL"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span dir="RTL"></span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<i><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">artinya : “….. menetapkan hukum itu hanyalah hak Allah, Dia menerangkan
sebenarnya dan Dia pemberi keputusan yang baik”(Q.S. 6/ Al-An’am : 57).</span></i></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l14 level1 lfo2; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span></b><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Kaitan antara Hukum Islam dan Eksistensi Tuhan</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l11 level1 lfo4; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">a.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span></b><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Pengertian Hukum Islam :</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Hukum Islam adalah <i>“seperangkat peraturan
berdasarkan wahyu Allah dan Sunnah Rasulullah tentang tingkah laku manusia
mukallaf yang diakui dan diyakini mengikat untuk semua orang yang beragama
Islam”.<a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=3300920469775922562#_ftn4" name="_ftnref4" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn4;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">[4]</span></b></span></span></span></a></i></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Hukum Islam mengatur prilaku manusia dalam dua
dimensi, yakni hubungan vertikal yang menyangkut antara manusia dengan Tuhan,
hubungan ini sering juga dikatakan sebagai ibadah <i>mahdah</i>, hubungan ini
menegaskan agar manusia sadar bahwa mereka berada dalam pengawasan Tuhan dimana
dan kapan pun, iming-iming dan ancaman dari hubungan ini adalah pahala dan
dosa. Sedangkan hubungan yang satunya adalah hubungan horizontal yang mengatur
hubungan manusia dengan manusia lainnya. Hubungan ini disebut juga <i>mu’amalah</i>,
yang ancaman dan ganjaran memiliki dua dimensi, dunia dan akhirat. Di akhirat,
ia akan mendapatkan pahala dan dosa, sedangkan di dunia ia akan mendapatkan
kebahagiaan dan siksaan, yang berasal dari penerapan hukum (pidana dan
perdata).<a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=3300920469775922562#_ftn5" name="_ftnref5" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn5;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">[5]</span></span></span></span></a></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l11 level1 lfo4; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">b.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span></b><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Perbedaan Pendapat Mengenai Sesuatu yang Dipergunakan untuk Mengetahui
Hukum Allah</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Ulama berbeda pendapat mengenai hukum Allah
atas perbuatan <i>mukallaf</i>, apakah akal itu mungkin dapat mengetahuinya
sendiri tanpa perantaraan para rasul Allah dan kitab-kitab Nya, atau dapatkah
ia mengetahui hukum Allah mengenai perbuatan <i>mukallaf</i> dengan akalnya
sendiri? Tidak ada perbedaan mengenai Hakim adalah Allah. Perbedaan pendapat
hanyalah terjadi mengenai sesuatu yang dipergunakan untuk mengetahui hukum
Allah itu.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Dalam perbedaan pendapat ini terdapat tiga
mazhab dikalangan ulama, yaitu :</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo3; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: 49.5pt 58.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><i><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Mazhab Asya’riah (Ahlusunah) </span></i><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">berpendapat bahwa suatu perbuatan dari baik
dan buruknya itu sendiri tidak dapat dinilai baik atau buruk, oleh karena akal
manusia tidak dapat mengetahui baik dan buruknya suatu perbuatan. Baik dan
buruknya suatu perbuatan terletak pada disuruh (baik) atau dilarangnya (buruk)
perbuatan itu oleh Allah melalui wahyunya. Dengan demikian baik atau buruknya
suatu perbuatan hanya ditentukan oleh Allah dengan wahyunya, dan akal manusia
sama sekali tidak dapat mengenalnya, maka dengan sendirinya akal manusia juga
tidak dapat mendorong manusia untuk berbuat atau tidak berbuat. Wahyu Allah-lah
yang dapat menetapkan baik atau buruknya suatu perbuatan dan hanya wahyu pula yang
dapat menyuruh atau melarang manusia, dalam taklif, dan hanya ditetapkan oleh
Allah melalui Rasul-Nya.<a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=3300920469775922562#_ftn6" name="_ftnref6" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn6;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">[6]</span></span></span></span></a></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">mazhab ini dikukuhkan oleh firman Allah :</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="direction: rtl; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.35pt; unicode-bidi: embed;">
<span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">…..</span><span dir="RTL"></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span dir="RTL"></span> </span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB4; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;"><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">3</span></span><span dir="RTL"></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span dir="RTL"></span> </span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB1; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;"><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">$</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB5; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;">t</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB2; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">B</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB5; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;">u</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB2; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">r</span></span><span dir="RTL"></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span dir="RTL"></span> </span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB1; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;"><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">$</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB4; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">¨</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB2; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">Z</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB4; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">ä</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB2; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">.</span></span><span dir="RTL"></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span dir="RTL"></span> </span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB5; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;"><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;">t</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB2; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">û</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB2; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">ü</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB4; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">Î</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB1; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">/</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB4; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">É</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB4; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">j</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB1; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;"></span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB5; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;">y</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB1; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">è</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB4; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">ã</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB2; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">B</span></span><span dir="RTL"></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span dir="RTL"></span> </span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB5; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;"><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;">4</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB2; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">Ó</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB4; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">®</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB1; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">L</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB5; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;">y</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB1; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">m</span></span><span dir="RTL"></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span dir="RTL"></span> </span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB5; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;"><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;">y</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB1; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">]</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB5; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;">y</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB1; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">è</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB4; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">ö</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB1; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">6</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB5; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;">t</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB2; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">R</span></span><span dir="RTL"></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span dir="RTL"></span> </span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB4; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;"><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">Z</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB2; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">w</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB2; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">q</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB4; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">ß</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB1; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;"></span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB5; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;">u</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB1; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;"></span></span><span dir="RTL"></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span dir="RTL"></span> </span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB2; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;"><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">Ç</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB2; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">Ê</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB2; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">Î</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB2; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">È</span></span><span dir="RTL"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span dir="RTL"></span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<i><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">artinya :</span></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<i><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">“… dan Kami tidak akan meng'azab sebelum Kami mengutus
seorang rasul”.</span></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<i><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">(Q.S. 17/ Al-Israa : 15)</span></i></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo3; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Mazhab <i>Mu’tazilah,</i> yaitu para pengikut Washil bin ‘Atha’. pendapat
mazhab ini ialah bahwasanya akal dapat mengetahui hukum Allah tentang
perbuatan-perbuatan <i>mukallaf</i> dengan sendirinya tanpa perantaraan pada
rasul Nya dan kitab-kitab Nya. karena setiap perbuatan <i>mukallaf</i> itu
mempunyai sifat dan pengaruh yang bisa menjadikannya sebagai sesuatu yang
berbahaya atau sesuatu yang bermanfaat. Oleh karena itu, berdasarkan atas
sifat-sifat perbuatan dan manfaat atau bahaya yang diakibatkannya, maka akal
dapat menetapkan bahwa ia baik atau buruk. Hukum Allah SWT atas perbuatan itu
adalah sesuai dengan apa yang dapat dijangkau akal, baik berupa manfaatnya atau
bahayanya.<a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=3300920469775922562#_ftn7" name="_ftnref7" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn7;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">[7]</span></span></span></span></a></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Dasar mazhab ini yaitu bahwa perbuatan yang
baik adalah sesuatu yang dipandang baik oleh akal, karena ia mengandung
manfaat. Dan sebaliknya perbuatan yang buruk adalah sesuatu yang dipandang
buruk oleh akal, karena ia mengandung bahaya. Sesungguhnya hukum Allah mengenai
perbuatan-perbuatan <i>mukallaf</i> adalah sesuai dengan kebaikan dan keburukan
sesuatu yang dilakukan dan dapat terpikirkan oleh akal mereka.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo3; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Mazhab <i>Maturidiyah</i>, yaitu pengikut Abu Manshur Al-Maturidi. Pendapat
mazhab ini bahwasanya perbuatan-perbuatan <i>mukallaf</i> mengandung berbagai
kekhususan dan mempunyai pengaruh-pengaruh yang menghendaki kebaikannya atau
keburukanya, dan bahwasanya akal berdasarkan berbagai kekhususan dan pengaruh
tersebut, mampu untuk menghukumi bahwa perbuatan ini baik dan perbuatan ini
buruk. Sesuatu yang dipandang oleh akal yang sehat baik, maka ia adalah baik
dan sesuatu yang dipandang buruk oleh akal sehat, maka ia adalah buruk. Akan
tetapi hukum-hukum Allah yang pada perbuatan mukallaf tidak mesti harus sesuai
dengan kebaikan atau keburukan sesuatu yang tertangkap oleh akal kita. karena
sekalipun akal telah matang, terkadang ia juga keliru, dan karena sebahagian
dari perbuatan tidak jelas bagi akal, sehingga tidak ada saling kepastian
antara hukum-hukum Allah dan apa yang tertangkap oleh akal dan berdasarkan hal
ini, tidak ada jalan untuk mengetahui hukum Allah kecuali dengan perantaraan
rasul Nya.<a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=3300920469775922562#_ftn8" name="_ftnref8" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn8;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">[8]</span></span></span></span></a></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Sebenarnya perbedaan pendapat antara ulama <i>syi’ah</i>
dengan <i>jumhur fuqaha</i> tentang eksistensi akal<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>(apakah bisa dianggap sebagai dalil atau
tidak ketika tidak ada nash) adalah berpangkal dari adanya perbedaan dalam
masalah <i>tahsin ‘aqly</i> (kebaikan menurut akal) dan <i>taqbih ‘aqly</i>
(keburukan menurut akal). Oleh karena dalam hal akidah golongan syi’ah imamiyah
menganut mazhab Mu’tazilah, maka mereka memandang akal sebagai sumber hukum
pada saat nash tidak ditemukan. Sedang jumhur fuqaha, karena tidak menganut
mazhab mu’tazilah, mereka sama sekali tidak memandang bahwa akal sebagai sumber
hukum.<a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=3300920469775922562#_ftn9" name="_ftnref9" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn9;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">[9]</span></span></span></span></a></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l11 level1 lfo4; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">c.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span></b><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Baik dan Buruk Menurut Akal (Tahsin ‘Aqly wa Taqbih ‘Aqly)</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 19.35pt; mso-list: l21 level1 lfo5; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><i><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Golongan Mu’tazilah</span></i><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">, Salah seorang tokoh mereka, al-Jubai mengatakan :
“Setiap perbuatan maksiat yang <i>jaiz</i> bagi Allah untuk memerintahkannya,
maka nilai keburukan perbuatan itu karena adanya larangan <i>(qabih lin-nahy)</i>.
Dan setiap pperbuatan maksiat yang wajib bagi Allah untuk tidak membolehkannya,
maka nilai keburukan itu terletak pada esensinya <i>(qabih linafsih)</i>,
seperti halnya tidak mengenal Allah SWT, atau bahkan menyekutukan Nya. demikian
pula setiap perbuatan yang <i>jaiz</i> bagi Allah untuk memerintahkannya, maka
nilai kebaikan perbuatan itu karena adanya perintah <i>(hasan lil-amri bihi)</i>.
Dan setiap perbuatan yang wajib bagi Allah untuk memerintahkannya, maka nilai
kebaikan perbuatan itu karena esensinya <i>(hasan li-nafsihi)</i>.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 19.35pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Dengan ini menurut mazhab mu’tazilah, bahwa
sesuatu itu terbagi menjadi tiga bagian :</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 37.35pt; mso-list: l27 level1 lfo6; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Sesuatu yang baik menurut dzatnya, dan Allah berhak (wajib)
memerintahkannya.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 37.35pt; mso-list: l27 level1 lfo6; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Sesuatu yang buruk menurut dzatnya dan Allah tidak berhak memerintahkannya,
dan </span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 37.35pt; mso-list: l27 level1 lfo6; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Sesuatu yang ada diantara baik dan buruk. Bagian ini boleh <i>(jaiz)</i>
diperintahkan dan boleh dilarang. Jika diperintahkan maka nilai kebaikannya
adalah perintah <i>(lil-amr)</i> dan jika dilarang maka nilai keburukannya
adalah karena larangan <i>(lin-nahy)</i>.<a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=3300920469775922562#_ftn10" name="_ftnref10" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn10;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">[10]</span></span></span></span></a></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 19.35pt; mso-list: l21 level1 lfo5; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><i><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Golongan Maturidiyah,</span></i><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"> yang dinukil dari Abu Hanifah dan dianut pula oleh ulama
Hanafiah. Mereka mengatakan bahwa sesuatu itu secara esensial (menurut dzatnya)
ada yang baik dan ada yang buruk. Dan sesungguhnya Allah tidak akan melarang
sesuatu yang baik menurut dzatnya. Dengan demikian mereka membagi sesuatu
kepada tiga bagian pula :</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 37.35pt; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo7; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><i><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Hasan li dzatihi</span></i><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"> (baik menurut dzatnya)</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 37.35pt; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo7; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><i><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Qabih li dzatihi</span></i><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"> (buruk menurut dzatnya) dan</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 37.35pt; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo7; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Sesuatu yang ada diantara keduanya dan ini tergantung pada perintah dan
larangan Allah SWT.<a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=3300920469775922562#_ftn11" name="_ftnref11" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn11;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">[11]</span></span></span></span></a> </span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 19.35pt; mso-list: l21 level1 lfo5; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><i><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Golongan Asy’ariyah,</span></i><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"> yang dipegangi oleh jumhur ulama ushul, yang berpendapat
bahwa segala sesuatu itu menurut dzatnya (secara esensial) tidak ada yang baik
maupun yang buruk. Semuanya mutlak tergantung dan ditentukan oleh kehendak
Allah dalam aturan <i>syara’</i>. Tidak ada sesuatu pun yang membatasi kehendak
Nya. Dia adalah pencipta sesuatu dan Dia pula yang menciptakan baik dan buruk.
Oleh karena itu segala yang Dia perintahkan itulah yang baik dan segala yang
Dia larang itulah yang buruk. Tiada <i>taklif</i> (pembebanan) karena keputusan
akal, tetapi <i>taklif</i> hanya berdasar pada perintah larangan <i>Syar’i</i>
Allah semata.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Jumhur Fuqaha berpendapat bahwa <i>al-Hakim</i>
(pembuat hukum) adalah Allah dan bahwa akal tidak dapat memberi beban hukum <i>(taklif)</i>,
meskipun ia mampu menemukan sesuatu yang <i>hasan dzaty</i> serta <i>qabih
dzaty</i> menurut pendapat sebagian ahli fikih, yakni ulama Hanafiyah.<a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=3300920469775922562#_ftn12" name="_ftnref12" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn12;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">[12]</span></span></span></span></a></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l14 level1 lfo2; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span></b><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Kompetensi Nabi Muhammad dalam Hukum Islam</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Suatu hal yang nyata terjadi adalah bahwa Nabi telah
berbuat sehubungan dengan turunnya ayat-ayat Qur’an yang mengandung hukum
(ayat-ayat hukum). Tidak semua ayat hukum itu memberikan penjelasan yang mudah
dipahami untuk kemudian dilaksanakan secara praktis sesuai dengan kehendak
Allah. karena itu Nabi memeberikan penjelasan mengenai maksud setiap ayat hukum
itu kepada umatnya, sehingga ayat-ayat yang tadinya belum dalam bentuk petunjuk
praktis, menjadi jelas dan dapat dilaksanakan secara praktis. Nabi memberikan
penjelasan dengan ucapan, perbuatan dan pengakuannya yang kemudian disebut
dengan sunnah Nabi.<a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=3300920469775922562#_ftn13" name="_ftnref13" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn13;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">[13]</span></span></span></span></a></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="direction: rtl; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.35pt; unicode-bidi: embed;">
<span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB1; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">$</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB5; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;">t</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB2; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">B</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB5; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;">u</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB2; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">r</span></span><span dir="RTL"></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span dir="RTL"></span> </span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB4; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;"><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">ß</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB2; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">,</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB4; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">Ï</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB1; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">Ü</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB2; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">Z</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB5; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;">t</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB2; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;"></span></span><span dir="RTL"></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span dir="RTL"></span> </span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB4; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;"><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">Ç</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB2; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">`</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB5; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;">t</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB1; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">ã</span></span><span dir="RTL"></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span dir="RTL"></span> </span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB5; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;"><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;">#</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB2; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;"></span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB5; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;">u</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB2; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">q</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB5; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;">o</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB2; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">l</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB4; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">ù</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB2; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">;</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB5; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;">$</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB1; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">#</span></span><span dir="RTL"></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span dir="RTL"></span> </span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB2; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;"><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">Ç</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB2; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">Ì</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB2; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">È</span></span><span dir="RTL"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span dir="RTL"></span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB4; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;"><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">÷</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB2; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">b</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB4; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">Î</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB1; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">)</span></span><span dir="RTL"></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span dir="RTL"></span> </span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB5; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;"><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;">u</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB2; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">q</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB4; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">è</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB2; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">d</span></span><span dir="RTL"></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span dir="RTL"></span> </span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB5; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;"><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;"></span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB2; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">w</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB4; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">Î</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB1; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">)</span></span><span dir="RTL"></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span dir="RTL"></span> </span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB4; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;"><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">Ö</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB2; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">Ó</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB4; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">ó</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB1; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">r</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB5; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;">u</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB2; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">r</span></span><span dir="RTL"></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span dir="RTL"></span> </span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB5; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;"><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;">4</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB2; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">Ó</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB5; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;">y</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB1; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">r</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB2; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">q</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB4; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">ã</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB2; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;"></span></span><span dir="RTL"></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span dir="RTL"></span> </span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB2; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;"><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">Ç</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB2; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">Í</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB2; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">È</span></span><span dir="RTL"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span dir="RTL"></span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<i><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">artinya :</span></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<i><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">“Dan Tiadalah yang diucapkannya itu (Al-Quran) menurut kemauan hawa
nafsunya (3). Ucapannya itu tiada lain hanyalah wahyu yang diwahyukan
(kepadanya) (4)”.</span></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<i><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">(Q.S. 53/ An-Najm : 3-4)</span></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Ada ulama Yang memahami ayat ini secara umum,
bahwa semua yang diucapka Nabi dalam usahanya memberi penjelasan atas ayat
hukum atau bukan adalah atas dasar wahyu. Sedangkan ulama lain memahaminya
bahwa yang dimaksud ayat itu adalah ayat-ayat Al-Qur’an yang diterima Nabi dan
disampaikan kepada umatnya; itulah yang disebut wahyu. Tetapi tidak semua yang
muncul dari lisan Nabi disebut wahyu.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Perbedaan pendapat ulama dalam memahami ayat
tersebut kemudian berkembang pada kebolehan atau kemungkinan Nabi berijtihad,
perbedaan pendapat para ulama itu adalah :</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l17 level1 lfo8; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><i><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Jumhur,</span></i><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"> ahli ushul berpendapat bahwa Nabi mungkin dan boleh berijtihad sebagaimana
berlaku pada manusia lainnya. Mereka menguatkan pendapatnya dengan dalil :</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo9; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">v<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Allah SWT, telah menyampaikan pesan kepada
Nabi sebagaimana juga berlaku pada hamba Nya yang lain. Allah mengemukakan
contoh dengan beberapa kejadian yang pernah terjadi dan menyuruh hamba Nya
untuk mengambil ibarat atau perhatian atas kejadian tersebut dengan Firman Nya
:</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" dir="RTL" style="direction: rtl; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 1.0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -70.65pt; unicode-bidi: embed;">
<span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">….</span><span dir="RTL"></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span dir="RTL"></span> </span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB5; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;"><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;">(</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB1; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">#</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB2; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">r</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB4; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">ç</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB1; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;"></span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB4; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">É</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB1; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">9</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB5; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;">t</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB1; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">F</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB4; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">ô</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB1; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">ã</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB5; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;">$</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB1; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">$</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB5; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;">s</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB1; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">ù</span></span><span dir="RTL"></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span dir="RTL"></span> </span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB2; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;"><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;"></span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB4; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">Í</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB2; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;"><</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB5; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;">'</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB2; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">r</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB4; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">é</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB1; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">'</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB5; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;">¯</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB2; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">»</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB5; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;">t</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB2; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;"></span></span><span dir="RTL"></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span dir="RTL"></span> </span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB4; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;"><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">Ì</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB1; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;"></span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB2; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">»</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB5; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;">|</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB1; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">Á</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB4; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">ö</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB1; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">/</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB5; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;">F</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB2; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">{</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB5; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;">$</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB1; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">#</span></span><span dir="RTL"></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span dir="RTL"></span> </span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB2; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;"><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">Ç</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB2; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">Ë</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB2; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">È</span></span><span dir="RTL"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span dir="RTL"></span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<i><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">artinya : “….Maka ambillah (Kejadian itu) untuk menjadi
pelajaran, Hai orang-orang yang mempunyai wawasan”. (Q.S. 59/ Al-Hasyr : 2)</span></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Ayat ini menyuruh menggunakan nalar dalam
memahami kejadian dalam sejarah untuk diambil perbandingan dengan kejadian
lain. Ini maksudnya adalah ijtihad. Bila manusia disuruh secara umum untuk
berijtihad, maka Nabi sendiri lebih pantas melakukannya.<a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=3300920469775922562#_ftn14" name="_ftnref14" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn14;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">[14]</span></span></span></span></a></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l17 level1 lfo8; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><i><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Ulama kalam Asy’ariyah,</span></i><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"> mayoritas ulama Mu’tazilah, Abu Ali al-Jubai dan anaknya
Hasyim, berpendapat bahwa Nabi tidak boleh berijtihad dalam hukum syara’.
Alasan mereka adalah : </span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo9; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">v<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Firman Allah SWT :</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="direction: rtl; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.35pt; unicode-bidi: embed;">
<span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB1; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">$</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB5; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;">t</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB2; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">B</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB5; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;">u</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB2; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">r</span></span><span dir="RTL"></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span dir="RTL"></span> </span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB4; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;"><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">ß</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB2; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">,</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB4; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">Ï</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB1; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">Ü</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB2; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">Z</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB5; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;">t</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB2; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;"></span></span><span dir="RTL"></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span dir="RTL"></span> </span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB4; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;"><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">Ç</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB2; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">`</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB5; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;">t</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB1; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">ã</span></span><span dir="RTL"></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span dir="RTL"></span> </span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB5; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;"><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;">#</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB2; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;"></span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB5; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;">u</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB2; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">q</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB5; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;">o</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB2; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">l</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB4; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">ù</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB2; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">;</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB5; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;">$</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB1; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">#</span></span><span dir="RTL"></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span dir="RTL"></span> </span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB2; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;"><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">Ç</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB2; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">Ì</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB2; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">È</span></span><span dir="RTL"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span dir="RTL"></span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB4; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;"><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">÷</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB2; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">b</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB4; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">Î</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB1; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">)</span></span><span dir="RTL"></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span dir="RTL"></span> </span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB5; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;"><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;">u</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB2; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">q</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB4; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">è</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB2; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">d</span></span><span dir="RTL"></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span dir="RTL"></span> </span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB5; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;"><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;"></span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB2; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">w</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB4; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">Î</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB1; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">)</span></span><span dir="RTL"></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span dir="RTL"></span> </span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB4; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;"><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">Ö</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB2; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">Ó</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB4; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">ó</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB1; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">r</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB5; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;">u</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB2; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">r</span></span><span dir="RTL"></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span dir="RTL"></span> </span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB5; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;"><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;">4</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB2; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">Ó</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB5; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;">y</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB1; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">r</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB2; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">q</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB4; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">ã</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB2; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;"></span></span><span dir="RTL"></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span dir="RTL"></span> </span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB2; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;"><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">Ç</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB2; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">Í</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB2; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">È</span></span><span dir="RTL"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span dir="RTL"></span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<i><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">artinya : “Dan Tiadalah yang diucapkannya itu
(Al-Quran) menurut kemauan hawa nafsunya (3). Ucapannya itu tiada lain hanyalah
wahyu yang diwahyukan (kepadanya) (4)”. (Q.S. 53/ An-Najm : 3-4)</span></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Ayat ini menjadi dalil utama bahwa semua yang
muncul dari lisan Nabi adalah dari wahyu dan tidak ada yang di luar wahyu. <i>Ijtihad
</i>tidak berasal dari wahyu, karenanya tidak ada ucapan Nabi yang muncul dari
ijtihadnya sendiri.<a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=3300920469775922562#_ftn15" name="_ftnref15" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn15;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">[15]</span></span></span></span></a></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l17 level1 lfo8; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Pendapat “jalan tengah” dari kedua pendapat diatas menyatakan bahwa Nabi
dapat saja melakukan <i>ijtihad</i> dalam masalah peperangan, tetapi tidak
dalam masalah hukum <i>syara’</i>. Kelompok ini menggunakan gabungan
dalil-dalil yang dikemukakan dua pendapat sebelumnya.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Dapat disimpulkan bahwa fikih/ hukum islam sudah
mulai ada semenjak Nabi masih hidup dengan pola yang sederhana sesuai dengan
kesederhanaan kondisi masyarakat Arab yang menjalankan fikih pada waktu itu. Periode
rasulullah atau periode kenabian juga disebut masa pertumbuhan, yaitu periode
pertumbuhan dan pembentukan hukum Islam yang disemaikan oleh Rasulullah selama
23 tahun, yakni dari diangkatnya Muhammad sebagai rasul pada tahun 610 M sampai
wafatnya pada tahun 632 M. dalam periode ini akan dibagi menjadi 2 bagian,
yakni periode makkah yang dijalani selama 13 tahun dan periode madinah selama
kurang dari 10 tahun.<a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=3300920469775922562#_ftn16" name="_ftnref16" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn16;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">[16]</span></span></span></span></a></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l26 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">B.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span></b><span dir="LTR"></span><b><i><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Mahkum ‘Alaih </span></i></b><i><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">(</span></i><i><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">المحكوم عليه</span></i><span dir="LTR"></span><i><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span dir="LTR"></span>)</span></i></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo11; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span></b><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Pengertian </span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Para ulama’
ushul fiqh mengatakan bahwa yang di maksud dengan <i>mahkum alaih</i> adalah
seseorang yang perbuatanya di kenai khitab (tuntutan) Allah ta’ala, yang
disebut dengan <i>mukallaf.</i></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Secara
etimologi, <i>mukallaf</i> berarti yang di bebani hukum. Dalam ushul fiqqh, istilah
mukallaf di sebut juga <i>mahkum alaih</i> (subjek hukum). Orang mukallaf
adalah orang yang telah di anggap mampu bertindak hukum, baikyang berhubungan
dengan perintah Allah maupun dengan larangan-Nya. Seluruh tindakan hukum
mukallaf harus di pertanggungjawabkan. Apabila ia menggerjakan perintah Allah,
maka ia mendapatkan imbalan pahala dan kewajibannya terpenuhi, sedangkan
apabila ia mengerjakan larangan Allah, maka ia mendapat resiko dosa dan
kewajibannya belum terpenuhi.<a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=3300920469775922562#_ftn17" name="_ftnref17" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn17;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[17]</span></span></span></span></a>
</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo11; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span></b><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Dasar Taklif</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Seorang manusia
belum dikenakan <i>taklif</i> (pembebanan hukum) sebelum ia cakap untuk
bertindak hukum. Untuk itu, para ulama’ ushul fiqh, mengemukakan bahwa dasar
pembebanan hukum adalah akal dan pemahaman, maksudnya, seseorang baru bisa
dibebani hukum apabila ia berakal dan dapat memahami secara baik <i>taklif </i>yang
di tujukan kepadanya. Dengan demikian, orang yang tidak atau belum berakal,
seperti orang gila dan anak kecil tidak dikenakan <i>taklif</i>. Karena mereka
tidak atau belum berakal, maka mereka di anggap tidak bias memahami taklif dari
syara’. Termasuk ke dalam hal ini adalah orang yang dalam keadaan tidur, mabuk
dan lupa. Orang sedang tidur, mabuk dan lupa, tidak dikenai <i>taklif </i>karena
ia dalam keadaan tidak sadar (hilang akal).hal ini sejalan dengan sabda rasulullah:</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="direction: rtl; line-height: 150%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; unicode-bidi: embed;">
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">رُفِعَ
الْقَلَمَ عَنْ ثَلاَثٍ : عَنِ الناَئِمِ حَتَّى يَسْتَيْقِضَ وَعَنِ الصَّبِيِّ
حَتَّى يَحْتَلِمَ وَعَنِ المَجْنُوْنِ حَتَّى يُفِيْقَ</span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<i><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Di angkatkan pembebanan hukum dari tiga
(jenis orang) : orang tidur sampai ia bangun, anak kecil sampai ia baligh, dan
orang gila sampai ia sembuh.</span></i><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> (H.R. Al-Bukhari, Abu Daud,
al-tirmidzi, al-Nasa’I, ibn majah, dan al-daraquthni dari aisyah dan ali bin
abi thalib)<a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=3300920469775922562#_ftn18" name="_ftnref18" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn18;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[18]</span></span></span></span></a></span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo11; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span></b><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Syarat-syarat
Taklif</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: .25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Para ulama’
ushul fiqh sepakat menyatakan bahwa perbuatan seseorang baru bias di kenai
taklif apabila orang tersebut telah memenuhi dua syarat, yaitu:</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo24; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">a)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Orang itu telah mampu memahami <i>khithab syar’I</i>
(tuntunan syara’) yang terkandung dalam al-Qur’an dan sunnah, baik secara
langsung maupun melalui orang lain; karena seseorang yang melakukan suatu
pekerjaan-disuruh atau dilarang-tergantung pada pemahamanyaterhadap suruhan dan
larangan yang menjadi <i>khithab syar’i</i>. dengan demikian, orang yang tidak
mempunyai kemampuan untuk memahami <i>khitab syar’i</i> tidak mungkin untuk
melaksanakan suatu talif.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo24; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">b)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Seseorang harus cakap bertindak hukum, yang dalam ushul
fiqh disebut dengan <i>ahliyah</i>. Artinya, apabila seseorang belum atau tidak
cakap bertindak hukum, maka selurh perbuatan yang ia lakukan belum atau tidak
bisa di pertanggungjawabkan. Oleh sebab itu, anak kecil yang belum baligh,
belum cakap bertindak hukum dan tidak di kenakan tuntutan syara’. Orang gila
juga tidak di bebani hukum karena kecakapan bertindak hukumnya hilang. Demikian
juga orang pailit dan orang yang berada di bawah pengampuan (hajr), dalam
masalah harta, di anggap tidak cakap bertindak hukum, karena kecakapan
bertindak hukum mereka dalam masalah harta di anggap hilang.<a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=3300920469775922562#_ftn19" name="_ftnref19" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn19;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[19]</span></span></span></span></a>
</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; mso-add-space: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo11; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span></b><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Ahliyah</span></b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l13 level1 lfo25; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">a.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Pengertian
Ahliyah</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Dari segi
etimologi <i>ahliyah </i>berarti “kecakapan manangani suatu urusan”. Misalnya,
seseorang di katakan ahli untuk menduduki suatu jabatan/posisi; berarti ia
mempunyai kemampuan pribadi untuk itu.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Secara
terminology, para ahli ushul fiqh mendefinisikan <i>ahliyah</i> dengan:</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="direction: rtl; line-height: 150%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; unicode-bidi: embed;">
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">صِفَةٌ
يُقَدِّرُهاَ الشَّارِعُ فِى الشَّحْصِ تَجْعَلُهُ مَحَلاًّ صاَلِحاً لِخِطاَبٍ
تَشْرِيْعِيٍّ</span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<i><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Suatu sifat yang dimiliki seseorang,
yang di jadikan ukuran oleh syari’ untuk menentukan seseorang telah cakap
dikenai tuntutan syara’. </span></i><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Maksudnya, <i>Ahliyah</i>
adalah sifat yang menunjukkan seseorang itu telah sempurna jasmani dan akalnya,
sehingga seluruh tindakanya dapat dinilai oleh syara’. Apabila seseorang telah
mempunyai sifat ini, maka ia dianggap telah sah melakukan suatu tindakan hukum,
seperti transaksi yang bersifat pemindahan hak milik kepada orang lain. Oleh
sebab itu, jual belinya sah, hibahnya sah, dan telah cakap untuk menerima
tanggung jawab, seperti nikah, nafkah, dan menjadi saksi. Sifat kecakapan
bertindak hukum itu dating kepada seseorang secara evolusi melalui
tahapan-tahapan tertentu, sesuai dengan perkembangan jasmani dan akalnya;tiadak
sekaligus. </span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l13 level1 lfo25; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">b.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Pembagian Ahliyah</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Para ulama’
membagi <i>ahliyah </i>kepada dua bentuk, yaitu <i>ahliyah al-wujud</i> dan <i>ahliyah
al-ada’.</i></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Ø</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> <i>Aliyah ada’</i> adalah sifat kecakapan bertindak hukum seseorang
telah di anggap sempur</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">n</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">a untuk
mempertanggung jawabkan seluruh perbuatanya, baik yang bersifat positif maupun
negatif. Apabila ia mengerjakan perbuatan yang di tuntut syara’ maka ia di
anggap telah memenuhi kewajiban, dan untuk itu ia di beri pahala. Apabila ia
melanggar tuntutan syara’ maka ia berdosa. Karena itu, ia telah cakap untuk
menerima hak-hak dan kewajiban.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Ø</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> <i>Ahliyah al-wujud</i> adalah sifat kecakapan seseorang untuk
menerima hak-hak dan menjadi haknya, tetapi belum cakap untuk dibebani seluruh
kewajiban. Misalnya, apabila seseorang menghibahkan hartanya pada orang yang
memiliki ahliyah al-wujud, maka yang di sebut terakhir ini telah cakap menerima
hibah tersebut. Apabila harta bendanya di rusak orang lain, maka ia dianggap
cakap untuk menerima ganti rugi. Demikian juga halnya dalam masalah harta
warisan , ia dianggap cakap untuk menerima harta waris dari keluarganya yang
meninggal dunia. Para ulama’ ushul fiqh juga membagi ahliyah al-wujud kepada
dua bagian yaitu:</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo26; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">Ø<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><i><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Ahliyah al-wujud al-naqishah</span></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Yaitu ketika
seorang itu masih berada dalam kandungan ibunya (janin). Janin di anggap
memiliki ahliyah al-wujud yang belum sempurna, karena hak-hak yang harus ia
terima belum dapat menjadi miliknya, sebelum ia lahir ke dunia dengan selamat,
walau hanya untuk sesaat. Apabila ia telah lahir, maka hak-hak yang ia terima
menjadi miliknya.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo26; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">Ø<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><i><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Ahliyah al-wujud al-kamilah</span></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Yaitu kecakapan
menerima hak bagi seorang anak yang telah lahir ke dunia sampai ia dinyatakan
baligh dan berakal, sekalipun akalnya masih kurang, seperti orang gila.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Dalam status
ahliyah al-wujud (sempurna atau tidak), seseorang tidak di bebani tuntutan
syara’, baik yang bersifat ibadah seperti sholat dan puasa(yang bersifat
rohani), maupun tindakan-tindakan hukum duniawi seperti transaksi yang bersifat
pemindahan hak milik.<a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=3300920469775922562#_ftn20" name="_ftnref20" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn20;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[20]</span></span></span></span></a>
</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo11; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">5.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span></b><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Pengertian
Awaridl Ahliyah</span></b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Yang dimaksud
awaridl ahliyah adalah gangguan/halangan yang menimpa ahliyah (yang dimaksud
manusia) baik gangguan itu menimpa ahliyahul wujud (orang yang berhak dan
berkewajiban) maupun yang menimpa ahliyatul ada’ (kepantasan seseorang untuk
diperhitumgkan oleh syara’).</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<i><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Awaridl ahliyah</span></i><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> tersebut dapat
pula dibagi kepada dua bagian:</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l25 level1 lfo27; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><i><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Awaridl al-samawiyah</span></i><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">, maksudnya
halangan yang datangnya dari Allah. Bukan disebabkan perbuatan manusia, seperti
gila, dungu, perbudakan, mardh maut (sakit yang berkelanjutan dengan kematian)
dan lupa.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l25 level1 lfo27; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><i><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Awaridl
al-mukhtasabah</span></i><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">, maksudna halangan yang disebabkan perbuatan manusia,
seperti mabuk, terpaksa, tersalah, berada di bawah pengampunan dan bodoh.<a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=3300920469775922562#_ftn21" name="_ftnref21" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn21;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[21]</span></span></span></span></a>
</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l26 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">C.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span></b><span dir="LTR"></span><b><i><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Mahkum bih </span></i></b><i><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">(</span></i><i><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">المحكوم به</span></i><span dir="LTR"></span><i><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span dir="LTR"></span> )</span></i></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l15 level1 lfo10; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span></b><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Pengertian </span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Menurut
ulama Ushul Fiqh, yang dimaksud dengan Mahkum bih adalah obyek hukum, yaitu
perbuatan seorang mukalllaf yang terkait dengan perintah Allah dalam aturan
agama islam, baik yang bersifat tuntutan mengerjakan, tuntutan meninggalkan, tuntutan
memilih suatu pekerjaan, dan yang bersifat syarat, sebab, halangan, azimah,
rukhsah, sah serta batal.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Para ulama sepakat, bahwa
seluruh perintah syar’I itu ada objeknya, yakni perbuatan mukallaf. Dan
terhadap perbuatan mukallaf tersebut ditetapkan suatu hukum. Contoh:</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Firman
Allah dalam surat al baqarah ayat 43</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" dir="RTL" style="direction: rtl; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: .5in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; unicode-bidi: embed;">
<span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB5; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;">(</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB1; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">#</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">q</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB4; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">ß</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">J</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;"></span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB4; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">Ï</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">%</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB5; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;">r</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB1; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">&</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB5; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;">u</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">r</span></span><span dir="RTL"></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: "\(normal text\)"; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "\(normal text\)";"><span dir="RTL"></span> </span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB5; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;"><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;">n</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">o</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB5; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;">4</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">q</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB5; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;">n</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">=</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB4; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">¢</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB1; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">Á</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">9</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB5; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;">$</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB1; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">#</span></span><span dir="RTL"></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: "\(normal text\)"; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "\(normal text\)";"><span dir="RTL"></span> </span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;"><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">Ç</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">Í</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">Ì</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">È</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">......</span><span dir="RTL"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: "\(normal text\)"; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "\(normal text\)";"><span dir="RTL"></span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><i><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"></span></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span dir="LTR"></span><i><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span dir="LTR"></span>“dan dirikanlah shalat,
....“</span></i><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "(normal text)","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"></span></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Ayat ini berkaitan dengan
perbuatan mukallaf untuk mengerjakan sholat, atau kewajiban mendirikan
sholat.</span></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Firman
Allah dalam surat al-an’am ayat 151</span></div>
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<span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">...</span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB4; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">(</span></span><span dir="RTL"></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: "\(normal text\)"; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "\(normal text\)";"><span dir="RTL"></span> </span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB5; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;"><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;"></span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">w</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB5; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;">u</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">r</span></span><span dir="RTL"></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: "\(normal text\)"; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "\(normal text\)";"><span dir="RTL"></span> </span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB5; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;"><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;">(</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB1; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">#</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">q</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB4; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">è</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">=</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB4; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">ç</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB1; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">G</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB4; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">ø</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">)</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB5; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;">s</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB1; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">?</span></span><span dir="RTL"></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: "\(normal text\)"; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "\(normal text\)";"><span dir="RTL"></span> </span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB5; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;"><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;"></span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB3; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB3;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB3;">[</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB4; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">ø</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB1; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">ÿ</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB4; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">¨</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">Z</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">9</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB5; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;">$</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB1; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">#</span></span><span dir="RTL"></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: "\(normal text\)"; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "\(normal text\)";"><span dir="RTL"></span> </span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;"><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">Ó</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB4; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">É</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB1; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">L</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB4; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">©</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">9</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB5; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;">$</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB1; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">#</span></span><span dir="RTL"></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: "\(normal text\)"; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "\(normal text\)";"><span dir="RTL"></span> </span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB5; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;"><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;">t</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">P</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB4; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">§</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB1; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;"></span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB5; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;">y</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB1; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">m</span></span><span dir="RTL"></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: "\(normal text\)"; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "\(normal text\)";"><span dir="RTL"></span> </span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB5; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;"><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;">ª</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB1; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">!</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB5; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;">$</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB1; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">#</span></span><span dir="RTL"></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: "\(normal text\)"; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "\(normal text\)";"><span dir="RTL"></span> </span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB5; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;"><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;"></span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">w</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB4; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">Î</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB1; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">)</span></span><span dir="RTL"></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: "\(normal text\)"; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "\(normal text\)";"><span dir="RTL"></span> </span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB4; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;"><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">È</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB4; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">d</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">,</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB5; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;">y</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB1; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">s</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB4; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">ø</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">9</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB5; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;">$</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB1; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">$</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB4; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">Î</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB1; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">/</span></span><span dir="RTL"></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: "\(normal text\)"; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "\(normal text\)";"><span dir="RTL"></span> </span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB4; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;"><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">4</span></span><span dir="RTL"></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: "\(normal text\)"; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "\(normal text\)";"><span dir="RTL"></span> </span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;"><span dir="LTR"></span>....</span><span dir="RTL"></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: "\(normal text\)"; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "\(normal text\)";"><span dir="RTL"></span> </span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;"><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">Ç</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">Ê</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">Î</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">Ê</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB2; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">È</span></span><span dir="RTL"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: "\(normal text\)"; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "\(normal text\)";"><span dir="RTL"></span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span dir="LTR"></span><i><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span dir="LTR"></span>“dan janganlah kamu
membunuh jiwa yang diharamkan Allah (membunuhnya) melainkan dengan sesuatu
(sebab) yang benar</span></i><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "(normal text)","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">.”</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Dalam ayat ini terkandung suatu larangan tentang
perbuatan mukallaf,yaitu larangan melakukan pembunuhan tanpa hak, maka membunuh
itu hukumnya haram.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l15 level1 lfo10; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span></b><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Perbuatan yang diatur </span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Hukum syara’ terdiri atas dua macam, yaitu
hukum <i>taklifi</i> dan hukum <i>wadh’i</i>. Hukum <i>taklifi </i>jelas
menyangkut perbuatan mukallaf; sedangkan sebagian hukum <i>wadh’i</i> ada yang
tidak berhubungan dengan perbuatan <i>mukallaf</i> seperti tergelincirnya
matahari untuk masuknya kewajiban shalat zuhur.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Tergelincirnya matahari itu (sebagai sebab)
adalah hukum <i>wadh’i</i> dan karena ia tidak menyangkut perbuatan <i>mukallaf</i>
maka ia tidak termasuk objek hukum.<a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=3300920469775922562#_ftn22" name="_ftnref22" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn22;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">[22]</span></span></span></span></a></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: .25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Para ahli ushul fikih menetapkan beberapa
syarat untuk suatu perbuatan sebagai objek hukum, yaitu :</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l28 level1 lfo12; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">a.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Perbuatan itu sah dan jelas adanya; tidak mungkin memberatkan seseorang
melakukan sesuatu yang tidak mungkin dilakukan seperti “mencat langit”.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l28 level1 lfo12; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">b.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Perbuatan itu tertentu adanya dan dapat diketahui oleh orang yang akan
mengerjakan serta dapat dibedakan dengan perbuatan lainnya.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l28 level1 lfo12; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">c.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Perbuatan itu sesuatu yang mungkin dilakukan oleh mukallaf dan berada dalam
kemampuannya untuk melakukannya.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Perbuatan yang berlaku padanya <i>taklif</i> ditinjau
dari segi hubungannya dengan Allah dan dengan hamba terbagi empat :<a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=3300920469775922562#_ftn23" name="_ftnref23" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn23;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">[23]</span></span></span></span></a></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l22 level1 lfo13; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">a.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Perbuatan yang merupakan hak Allah secara murni, dalam arti tidak ada
sedikitpun hak manusia. Semua bentuk ibadah <i>mahdhah</i> termasuk dalam
bentuk ini. Demikian pula urusan-urusan kemasyarakatan yang bertujuan untuk
membela kepentingan masyarakat. Umpamanya jihad dan pelaksanaan hukuman zina.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l22 level1 lfo13; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">b.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Perbuatan yang merupakan hak hamba secara murni. yaitu tindakan yang
merupakan pembelaan terhadap kepentingan pribadi. Semuanya adalah hak hamba
secara murni. Pelanggaran terhadap hak hamba adalah aniaya. Allah tidak
menerima taubat seseorang yang melaggar hak hamba, kecuali apabila hamba yang
bersangkutan membebaskannya atau memaafkannya. Umpamanya bebasnya suami dari
kewajiban mahar karena telah dibebaskan oleh istri sebagai orang (pihak) yang
berhak atas mahar itu.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l22 level1 lfo13; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">c.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Perbuatan yang didalamnya bergabung hak Allah dan hak hamba, tetapi hak
Allah lebih dominan. Umpamanya pelaksanaan had terhadap penuduh zina <i>(qadzaf)</i>.
</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l22 level1 lfo13; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">d.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Perbuatan yang didalamnya bergabung padanya hak Allah dan hak hamba, tetapi
hak hamba lebih dominan. Umpamanya pelaksanaan kisas <i>(qishash)</i> atas
suatu pembunuhan.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="direction: rtl; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.35pt; unicode-bidi: embed;">
<span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">…</span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB4; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">3</span></span><span dir="RTL"></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span dir="RTL"></span> </span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB2; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;"><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">`</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB5; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;">t</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB2; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">B</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB5; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;">u</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB2; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">r</span></span><span dir="RTL"></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span dir="RTL"></span> </span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB5; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;"><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;"></span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB2; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">@</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB4; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">Ï</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB1; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">F</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB4; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">è</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB2; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">%</span></span><span dir="RTL"></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span dir="RTL"></span> </span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB1; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;"><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">$</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB4; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">Y</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB2; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">B</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB2; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">q</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB4; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">è</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB2; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">=</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB4; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">ô</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB1; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">à</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB5; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;">t</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB2; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">B</span></span><span dir="RTL"></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span dir="RTL"></span> </span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB4; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;"><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">ô</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB1; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;"></span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB5; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;">s</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB2; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">)</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB5; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;">s</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB1; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">ù</span></span><span dir="RTL"></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span dir="RTL"></span> </span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB1; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;"><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">$</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB5; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;">u</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB2; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">Z</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB4; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">ù</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB2; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">=</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB5; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;">y</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB1; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">è</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB5; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;">y</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB1; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">_</span></span><span dir="RTL"></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span dir="RTL"></span> </span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB2; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;"><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">¾</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB4; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">Ï</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB2; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">m</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB4; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">Í</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB4; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">h</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB2; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;"></span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB4; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">Ï</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB2; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">9</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB5; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;">u</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB2; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">q</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB4; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">Ï</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB2; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">9</span></span><span dir="RTL"></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span dir="RTL"></span> </span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB1; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;"><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">$</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB4; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">Y</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB2; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">Z</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB2; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">»</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB5; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;">s</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB1; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">Ü</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB4; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">ù</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB2; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">=</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB4; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">ß</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB1; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;"></span></span><span dir="RTL"></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span dir="RTL"></span> </span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span dir="LTR"></span>….</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<i><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Artinya: “Siapa yang terbunuh secara aniaya, maka telah kami jadikan
kekuasaan bagi walinya”(Q.S. 17/ Al-Israa : 33)</span></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Dapat tidaknya <i>taklif</i> itu dilakukan
orang lain berhubungan erat dengan kaitan <i>taklif</i> dengan objek hukum.
Dalam hal ini objek hukum terbagi tiga :</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo14; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">a.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Objek hukum yang pelaksanaannya mengenai diri pribadi yang dikenai <i>taklif</i>;
umpamanya shalat dan puasa.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo14; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">b.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Objek hukum yang pelaksanaannya berkaitan dengan harta benda pelaku <i>taklif</i>;
umpamanya kewajiban zakat.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo14; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">c.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Objek hukum yang pelaksanaannya mengenai diri pribadi dan harta dari pelaku
<i>taklif</i>; umpamanya kewajiban haji.<a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=3300920469775922562#_ftn24" name="_ftnref24" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn24;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">[24]</span></span></span></span></a></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l26 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">D.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span></b><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Al-Hukm</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo15; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span></b><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Pengetian</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" dir="RTL" style="direction: rtl; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 1.35pt; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify; unicode-bidi: embed;">
<span dir="RTL"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span dir="RTL"></span>(الحكم لغة) : اثبات شئ
على شئ</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" dir="RTL" style="direction: rtl; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: .5in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -34.65pt; unicode-bidi: embed;">
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">(وشرعا) : خطاب الله تعالى المتعلق بأفعا ل
المكلفين با لاقتضاء أوالتخيير أوالوضع<a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=3300920469775922562#_ftn25" name="_ftnref25" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn25;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span dir="LTR" style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">[25]</span></span></span></span></a></span><b><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-outline-level: 1; text-indent: .25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Hukum adalah <i>“menetapkan sesuatu atas sessuatu”.</i></span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Hukum syara’ menurut istilah para ahli ilmu
ushul fikih ialah : <i>khitab syar’i yang bersangkutan dengan perbuatan
orang-orang mukallaf, baik dalam bentuk tuntutan, pilihan atau ketetapan.</i><a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=3300920469775922562#_ftn26" name="_ftnref26" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn26;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">[26]</span></span></span></span></a></span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Contoh Firman Allah Ta’ala :</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="direction: rtl; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify; unicode-bidi: embed;">
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">او فوا با لعقود</span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<i><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">artinya : “Penuhilah janji”.</span></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Ini merupakan <i>khitab</i> dari syar’i yang bersangkutan
dengan pemenuhan berbagai janji, dalam bentuk tuntutan untuk mengerjakannya.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="direction: rtl; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify; unicode-bidi: embed;">
<span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB4; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">÷</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB2; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">b</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB4; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">Î</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB1; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">*</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB5; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;">s</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB1; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">ù</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">….</span><span dir="RTL"></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span dir="RTL"></span> </span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB4; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;"><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">÷</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB2; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">L</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB4; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">ä</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB2; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">ê</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB4; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">ø</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB1; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">ÿ</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB4; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">Å</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB1; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">z</span></span><span dir="RTL"></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span dir="RTL"></span> </span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB5; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;"><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;"></span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB2; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">w</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB5; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;">r</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB1; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">&</span></span><span dir="RTL"></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span dir="RTL"></span> </span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB1; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;"><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">$</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB5; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;">u</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB2; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">K</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB2; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;"></span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB4; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">É</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB2; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">)</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB4; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">ã</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB2; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;"></span></span><span dir="RTL"></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span dir="RTL"></span> </span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB5; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;"><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;">y</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB1; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;"></span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB2; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">r</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB4; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">ß</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB1; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;"></span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB4; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">ã</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB1; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">n</span></span><span dir="RTL"></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span dir="RTL"></span> </span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB5; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;"><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;">«</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB1; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">!</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB5; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;">$</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB1; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">#</span></span><span dir="RTL"></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span dir="RTL"></span> </span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB5; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;"><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;"></span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB2; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">x</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB5; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;">s</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB1; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">ù</span></span><span dir="RTL"></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span dir="RTL"></span> </span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB5; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;"><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;">y</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB1; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">y</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB1; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">$</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB5; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;">o</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB2; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">Y</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB4; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">ã</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB1; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">_</span></span><span dir="RTL"></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span dir="RTL"></span> </span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB1; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;"><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">$</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB5; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;">y</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB2; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">J</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB4; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">Í</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB2; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">k</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB4; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">ö</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB2; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;"></span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB5; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;">n</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB2; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">=</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB5; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;">t</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB1; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">ã</span></span><span dir="RTL"></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span dir="RTL"></span> </span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB1; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;"><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">$</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB5; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;">u</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB2; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">K</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB2; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;"></span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB4; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">Ï</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB1; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">ù</span></span><span dir="RTL"></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span dir="RTL"></span> </span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB4; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;"><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">ô</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB1; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">N</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB5; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;">y</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB1; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;"></span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB5; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;">t</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB1; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">G</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB4; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">ø</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB1; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">ù</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB5; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;">$</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB1; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">#</span></span><span dir="RTL"></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span dir="RTL"></span> </span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span dir="LTR"></span>…. </span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB2; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">m</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB4; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">Î</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: HQPB1; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">/</span></span><span dir="RTL"></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span dir="RTL"></span> </span><span dir="LTR" lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<i><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">artinya : “… Jika kamu khawatir bahwa keduanya (suami-istri) tidak dapat
menjalankan hukum-hukum Allah, maka tidak ada dosa atas keduanya bayaran yang
diberikan oleh istri untuk menebus dirinya …” (Q.S. 2/ Al-Baqarah : 229)</span></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Ayat tersebut adalah <i>khitab</i> Allah yang
berhubungan dengan pengambilan ganti oleh suami dari istrinya sebagai imbangan
menjatuhkan <i>talaq</i> kepada istri dalam bentuk pilihan melakukannya.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo15; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span></b><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Macam-Macam Hukum</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l20 level1 lfo16; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">a.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span></b><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Hukum <i>Taklifi</i></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Ahli sunnah
telah meneliti secara seksama, maka mereka sepakat hukum agama yang masuk dalam
bagian taklifi adalah sebagaui berikut.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo28; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><i><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Ijab<br />
</span></i><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Fardhu (mewajibkan, memfardukan) yaitu hukum yang mengandung suruhan untuk
dikerjakan. Dampak ijab adalah wujud dan dikerjakan yang dikenai hukum itu
dinamakan wajib, artinya tuntutan Tuhan yang harus dilaksanakan orang mukallaf,
apabila menggerja- kan mendapat pahala, bila ditinggalkan dapat siksa.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo28; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><i><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Nadb</span></i><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> (mengerjakan
supaya dikerjakan)</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Yaitu hukum yang mengandung suruhan
yang tidak mesti dikerjakan.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo28; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><i><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Tahrim</span></i><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"> (haram)</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Muharram ialah sesuatu yang dituntut oleh <i>syar’i</i>
untuk ditinggalkan pelaksanaannya dengan suatu tuntutan yang pasti. Sebagaimana
<i>shigat</i> tuntutan untuk meninggalkan itu sendiri menunjukkan bahwa hal itu
pasti.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo28; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Karahah
(membencikan)</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Yaitu hukum yang mengandung larangan
tetapi kita harus menjauhinya.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo28; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">5)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><i><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Ibahah </span></i><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">(kebolehan)</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Yaitu hukum yang mengandung kebebasan
untuk memilih antara melakukan atau meninggalkan (mubah).</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l20 level1 lfo16; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">b.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span></b><span dir="LTR"></span><b><i><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Hukum Wadh’i</span></i></b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Hukum Wadh’i
yaitu hukum yang menetapkan sebab, syarat atau penghalang untuk<br />
Berlakunya suatu hukum tersebut.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo29; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">a)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><i><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Sebab</span></i><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />
Yang dinamakan sebab yaitu suatu yang jelas yang merupakan titik tolak atau
pangkal lahirnya hukum. Contoh: perbuatan zina mengakibatkan adanya hukum dera.<br />
Firman Allah SWT “<i>Perempuan yang berzina dan laki-laki yang berzina, Maka
deralah tiap-tiap seorang dari keduanya seratus dali dera”</i>. (An-Nuur : 2).</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo29; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">b)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><i><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Syarat</span></i><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />
Syarat adalah sesuatu yang diharuskan ada karena adanya hukum bergantung ke-
padanya. Tidak adanya syarat mengakibatkan tidak adanya hukum. Akan tetapi
dengan adanya syarat tidak mesti adanya hukum.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Contoh : Wudhu merupakan syarat sahnya
shalat. Tidak berwudhu berarti tidak ada shalat, tetapi wudhu tidak mesti untuk
shalat.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo29; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">c)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><i><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Mani’</span></i><b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">(penghalang)</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Mani’
(penghalang) adalah sesuatu yang karenanya menyebabkan tidak adanya hukum.
Meskipun sebab telah ada dan syarat telah terpenuhi akan tetapi apabila
terdapat Mani’ (penghalang), maka hukum yang tadinya mesti berlaku menjadi
tidak berlaku.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; mso-add-space: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Contoh : Apabila
seorang mempunyai kerabat dengan muwaris (orang yang mendapatkan bagian harta)
tetapi apabila berlainan agama, maka keduanya tidak berhak sa- ling mewarisi.
Sebab berlainan agama menjadi Mani’ (penghalang) mendapatkan harta peninggalan.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo29; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">d)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><i><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Rukhshah</span></i></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<i><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Rukhshah</span></i><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"> ialah sesuatu yang disyariatkan oleh Allah
dari berbagai hukum untuk maksud memberikan keringanan kepada mukallaf dalam
berbagai situasi dan kondisi khusus yang menghendaki keringanan ini.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo29; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">e)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><i><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Azimah</span></i><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Azimah adalah hukum-hukum umum yang
disyariatkan sejak semula oleh Allah, yang tidak tertentu pada satu keadaan saja
bukan keadaan lainnya, bukan pula khusus seorang <i>mukallaf</i> dan tidak <i>mukallaf</i>
lainnya.<a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=3300920469775922562#_ftn27" name="_ftnref27" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn27;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">[27]</span></span></span></span></a></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-outline-level: 1; text-align: center;">
<b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">BAB III</span></b></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">KESIMPULAN</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l23 level1 lfo17; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Hakim adalah yang menetapkan hukum (dzat yang
mengeluarkan hukum), dalam kepercayaan agama islam Hakim yaitu Allah Azza
wazalla.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l23 level1 lfo17; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Hukum Islam adalah “seperangkat peraturan berdasarkan wahyu Allah dan
Sunnah Rasulullah tentang tingkah laku manusia mukallaf yang diakui dan
diyakini mengikat untuk semua orang yang beragama Islam”</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l23 level1 lfo17; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Hukum syara’: “Khitab Allah yang berhubungan dengan perbuatan mukallaf,
berupa tuntutan, atau suruhan memilih, atau ketetapan”</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l23 level1 lfo17; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Aliran yang berbeda pendapat mengenai sesuatu yang dipergunakan untuk
mengetahui hukum Allah </span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l19 level1 lfo18; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Mazhab Asya’riah</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l19 level1 lfo18; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Mazhab Mu’tazilah</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l19 level1 lfo18; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Mazhab Maturidiyah</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l23 level1 lfo17; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">5.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Mengenai Nabi berijtihad</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l19 level1 lfo18; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Jumhur, ahli ushul berpendapat bahwa Nabi
mungkin dan boleh berijtihad sebagaimana berlaku pada manusia lainnya. dengan
dalil</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l19 level1 lfo18; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Ulama kalam Asy’ariyah, mayoritas ulama
Mu’tazilah, Abu Ali al-Jubai dan anaknya Hasyim, berpendapat bahwa Nabi tidak
boleh berijtihad dalam hukum syara’. </span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l19 level1 lfo18; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Pendapat “jalan tengah” dari kedua pendapat
diatas menyatakan bahwa Nabi dapat saja melakukan ijtihad dalam masalah
peperangan, tetapi tidak dalam masalah hukum syara’. Kelompok ini menggunakan
gabungan dalil-dalil yang dikemukakan dua pendapat sebelumnya.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l23 level1 lfo17; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">6.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Mahkum ‘Alaih </span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l19 level1 lfo18; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Ahliyatul wujub, </span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l19 level1 lfo18; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Ahliyatul ada’</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 76.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l19 level1 lfo18; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Awaridl ahliyah
awaridl ahliyah</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 76.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Yang dimaksud
awaridl ahliyah adalah gangguan/halangan yang menimpa ahliyah (yang dimaksud
manusia) baik gangguan itu menimpa ahliyahul wujud (orang yang berhak dan
berkewajiban) maupun yang menimpa ahliyatul ada’ (kepantasan seseorang untuk
diperhitumgkan oleh syara’).</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l23 level1 lfo17; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">7.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Mahkum bih : Dalam istilah ulama ushul fikih, yang disebut mahkum bih atau
objek hukum, yaitu sesuatu yang berlaku padanya hukum syara’. </span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l23 level1 lfo17; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">8.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Al-Hukm</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-outline-level: 1;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Hukum adalah <i>“menetapkan sesuatu atas
sessuatu”.</i></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-outline-level: 1;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">menurut istilah para ahli ilmu ushul fikih
ialah : <i>khitab syar’i yang bersangkutan dengan perbuatan orang-orang mukallaf,
baik dalam bentuk tuntutan, pilihan atau ketetapan.</i></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l23 level1 lfo17; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">9.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Macam-Macam Hukum</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l20 level1 lfo16; tab-stops: 49.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in;">
<b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">c.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span></b><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Hukum Taklifi</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l12 level1 lfo21; tab-stops: 81.0pt 85.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Ijab (kewajiban)</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; tab-stops: 81.0pt 1.25in; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">2) Nadb (sunnah)</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; tab-stops: 81.0pt 1.25in; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">3) Tahrim (haram)</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 85.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l18 level1 lfo22; tab-stops: 81.0pt 1.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -13.5pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Karahah (makruh)</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 81.0pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l18 level1 lfo22; tab-stops: 85.5pt 1.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -9.0pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">5)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Ibahah (boleh)</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; tab-stops: 81.0pt 1.25in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l18 level1 lfo22; tab-stops: 49.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">6)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Hukum Wadh’i</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 85.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l24 level1 lfo23; tab-stops: 1.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Sebab</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 85.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l24 level1 lfo23; tab-stops: 31.5pt 1.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Syarat</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 85.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l24 level1 lfo23; tab-stops: 45.0pt 1.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Mani</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 85.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l24 level1 lfo23; tab-stops: 1.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Rukhshah</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 85.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l24 level1 lfo23; tab-stops: 1.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">5)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Azimah</span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 1.25in; text-align: center;">
<b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">SARAN</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Demikianlah makalah yang dapat saya susun dan
saya sangat menyadari makalah ini masih jauh dari kesempurnaan. Maka saya
mengharapkan kritik dan saran yang membangun demi perbaikan dan pengembangan,
untuk mengetahui lebih dalam lagi setidaknya banyak-banklah berdiskusi di dalam
atau di luar kampus. semoga makalah ini dapat menambah pengetahuan dan
bermanfaat bagi kita semua. Amiin...</span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; tab-stops: 1.25in; text-align: center;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">DAFTAR PUSTAKA</span></div>
<div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Yunus,<i> </i>Mahmud</span></div>
<div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">2010, <i>Kamus Arab Indonesia,</i> Jakarta:
PT. Mahmud Yunus Wa Dzurriyah</span></div>
<div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Muda, Ahmad, A.K</span></div>
<div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">2008, <i>Kamus Inggris Indonesia-Indonesia
Inggris,</i> GitaMedia Press</span></div>
<div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="line-height: 150%; margin-right: -52.65pt; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Khallaf, Wahab, Abdul</span></div>
<div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="line-height: 150%; margin-right: -52.65pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">1994, <i>Ilmu Ushul Fikih, </i>Semarang: Dina Utama<i> </i>Semarang</span></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Sopyan, Yayan</span></div>
<div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">2010, <i>Tarikh Tasyri’,</i> Depok: Gramata
Publishing</span></div>
<div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Syarifuddin, Amir </span></div>
<div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">2011, <i>Ushul Fiqh</i>, Jakarta: Kencana
Prenada Media Group</span></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Zahrah, Abu, Muhammad </span></div>
<div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">2002, <i>Ushul Fikih</i>, Jakarta: Penerbit
Pustaka Firdaus</span></div>
<div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Hakim, Hamid, Abdul </span></div>
<div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<i><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">_____ As-sulam,</span></i><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"> Jakarta: Maktabah Sa’adiyah Putra</span></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Umam, Khairul </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">2000, <i>Ushul fiqih 1</i>,
Bandung, cv pustaka setia<a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=3300920469775922562" name="_ftn2"></a></span></div>
<span style="mso-bookmark: _ftn2;"></span>
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<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Haroen, Nasroen </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">1999, <i>Ushul fiqih 1</i>,
Bandung, logos</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Karim, Syafi’I</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">1997, <i><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>fiqih-ushul fiqih</i>, Bandung, cv pustaka
setia</span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div style="mso-element: footnote-list;">
<br clear="all" />
<hr align="left" size="1" width="33%" />
<div id="ftn1" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="text-align: justify;">
<a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=3300920469775922562#_ftnref1" name="_ftn1" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn1;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[1]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;"> Mahmud Yunus,<i> Kamus Arab Indonesia,</i>
Jakarta PT. Mahmud Yunus Wa Dzurriyah, 2010, h. 106.</span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn2" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="text-align: justify;">
<a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=3300920469775922562#_ftnref2" name="_ftn2" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn2;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[2]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;"> Ahmad A.K. Muda, <i>Kamus Inggris Indonesia-Indonesia
Inggris,</i> GitaMedia Press, 2008, Cet.Pertama, h. 343.</span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn3" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="margin-right: -52.65pt; text-align: justify;">
<a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=3300920469775922562#_ftnref3" name="_ftn3" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn3;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[3]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;"> Abdul Wahab Khallaf, <i>Ilmu Ushul Fikih,
Semarang, Dina Utama </i>Semarang, 1994, Cet. Pertama, h. 137.</span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn4" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="text-align: justify;">
<a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=3300920469775922562#_ftnref4" name="_ftn4" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn4;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[4]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;"> Yayan Sopyan, <i>Tarikh Tasyri’,</i>
Depok: Gramata Publishing, 2010, h. 7.</span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn5" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="text-align: justify;">
<a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=3300920469775922562#_ftnref5" name="_ftn5" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn5;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[5]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;"> <i>Ibid., </i>h. 70-71.</span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn6" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=3300920469775922562#_ftnref6" name="_ftn6" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn6;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[6]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;"> Amir Syarifuddin, <i>Ushul Fiqh</i>,
Jakarta, Kencana Prenada Media Group, 2011, Cet.Kelima, h. 414-415</span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn7" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="text-align: justify;">
<a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=3300920469775922562#_ftnref7" name="_ftn7" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn7;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[7]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;"> Abdul Wahab Khallaf, <i>Op.Cit</i>,<i> </i>h.
139.</span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn8" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="text-align: justify;">
<a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=3300920469775922562#_ftnref8" name="_ftn8" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn8;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[8]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;"> <i>Ibid.,</i> h. 141.</span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn9" style="mso-element: footnote;">
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<a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=3300920469775922562#_ftnref9" name="_ftn9" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn9;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[9]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;"> Muhammad Abu Zahrah, <i>Ushul Fikih</i>,
Jakarta, Penerbit Pustaka Firdaus, 2002, Cet. Ketujuh, h. 89.</span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn10" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="text-align: justify;">
<a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=3300920469775922562#_ftnref10" name="_ftn10" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn10;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[10]</span></span></span></span></span></a><i><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;"> Ibid.,</span></i><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;"> h. 89.</span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn11" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="text-align: justify;">
<a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=3300920469775922562#_ftnref11" name="_ftn11" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn11;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[11]</span></span></span></span></span></a><i><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;"> Ibid.,</span></i><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;"> h. 92.</span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn12" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="text-align: justify;">
<a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=3300920469775922562#_ftnref12" name="_ftn12" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn12;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[12]</span></span></span></span></span></a><i><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;"> Ibid.,</span></i><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;"> h. 93</span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn13" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="text-align: justify;">
<a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=3300920469775922562#_ftnref13" name="_ftn13" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn13;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[13]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;"> Amir Syarifudin, <i>Op.Cit</i>, h. 7</span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn14" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="text-align: justify;">
<a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=3300920469775922562#_ftnref14" name="_ftn14" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn14;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[14]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;"> <i>Ibid., </i>h. 9.</span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn15" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="text-align: justify;">
<a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=3300920469775922562#_ftnref15" name="_ftn15" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn15;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[15]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;"> <i>Ibid., </i>h. 11</span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn16" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="text-align: justify;">
<a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=3300920469775922562#_ftnref16" name="_ftn16" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn16;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[16]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;"> Sopyan, <i>Tarikh Tasyri’</i>, h. 14.</span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn17" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=3300920469775922562#_ftnref17" name="_ftn17" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn17;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[17]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;"> Khairul umam, <i>ushul fiqih 1</i>,
Bandung, cv pustaka setia, 2000, hlm 327</span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn18" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=3300920469775922562#_ftnref18" name="_ftn18" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn18;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[18]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;"> H. Nasroen Haroen, <i>ushul fiqih 1</i>, Bandung,
logos, 1999, hlm 305</span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn19" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=3300920469775922562#_ftnref19" name="_ftn19" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn19;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[19]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;"> H.A. Syafi’I Karim<i>, fiqih-ushul fiqih</i>,
Bandung, cv pustaka setia, 1997, hlm 134</span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn20" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=3300920469775922562#_ftnref20" name="_ftn20" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn20;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[20]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;"> H. Nasroen Haroen, Op cit, hlm 308</span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn21" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=3300920469775922562#_ftnref21" name="_ftn21" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn21;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[21]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;"> H.A. Syafi’I Karim, Op cit, 136</span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn22" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="text-align: justify;">
<a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=3300920469775922562#_ftnref22" name="_ftn22" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn22;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[22]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;"> Syarifudin, <i>Ushul Fikih</i>, h. 417.</span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn23" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="text-align: justify;">
<a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=3300920469775922562#_ftnref23" name="_ftn23" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn23;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[23]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;"> <i>Ibid.,</i> h. 421</span></div>
</div>
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<div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="text-align: justify;">
<a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=3300920469775922562#_ftnref24" name="_ftn24" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn24;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[24]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;"> <i>Ibid.,</i> h. 423</span></div>
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<div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="text-align: justify;">
<a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=3300920469775922562#_ftnref25" name="_ftn25" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn25;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[25]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;"> Abdul Hamid Hakim, <i>As-sulam,</i>
Jakarta, Maktabah Sa’adiyah Putra, Juz ke 2, h. 7.</span></div>
</div>
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<div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="text-align: justify;">
<a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=3300920469775922562#_ftnref26" name="_ftn26" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn26;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[26]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;"> Khallaf, <i>Ilmu Ushul Fikih,</i> h. 143</span></div>
</div>
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<div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="text-align: justify;">
<a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=3300920469775922562#_ftnref27" name="_ftn27" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn27;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[27]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;"> Khallaf, <i>Ilmu Ushul Fikih,</i> h. 176</span></div>
</div>
</div>
jajat hidayathttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14800864142928577412noreply@blogger.com0Jalan Bawang Merah, Ciputat 15411, Indonesia-6.3123385 106.7425634-6.375468 106.6635994 -6.2492090000000005 106.8215274tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3300920469775922562.post-16325820075560928742012-11-02T09:32:00.001+07:002012-11-02T09:32:29.439+07:00peran & kedudukan hakim<!--[if !mso]>
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<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-outline-level: 3; text-align: center;">
<b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">BAB II</span></b></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-outline-level: 3; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">PEMBAHASAN</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-outline-level: 3;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-outline-level: 3; text-align: center;">
<b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">PERAN DAN
KEDUDUKAN HAKIM DALAM PERADILAN PIDANA</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo4; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">A.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span></b><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Kemandirian dan
Kebebasan Hakim</span></b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 42.55pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Undang-Undang
Dasar Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 1945 (selanjutnya disebut UUD NRI 1945)
sebagai landasan dan falsafah negara menyatakan bahwa Indonesia adalah negara
hukum.<a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=3300920469775922562#_ftn1" name="_ftnref1" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn1;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[1]</span></span></span></span></a>
Indonesia sebagai negara hukum mempunyai tiga prinsip dasar, yaitu supremasi
hukum (<i>supremacy of law</i>), kesetaraan dihadapan hukum (<i>equality before
the law</i>), dan penegakan hukum dengan cara yang tidak bertentangan dengan
hukum (<i>due process of law</i>). Dalam penjabaran selanjutnya, pada setiap
negara hukum mempunyai ciri-ciri:<a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=3300920469775922562#_ftn2" name="_ftnref2" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn2;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[2]</span></span></span></span></a>
</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-right: 19.0pt; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Jaminan
perlindungan hak-hak asasi manusia;</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-right: 19.0pt; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Kekuasaan
kehakiman atau peradilan yang merdeka;</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-right: 19.0pt; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Legalitas dalam
arti hukum, yaitu bahwa baik pemerintah/negara maupun warga negara dalam
bertindak harus berdasar atas melalui hukum.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 42.55pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Mengenai
Kekuasaan Kehakiman, secara mendasar telah dijelaskan pada Pasal 24 UUD NRI
1945, yang menyatakan:</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo2; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Kekuasaan Kehakiman
merupakan kekuasaan yang merdeka untuk menyelenggarakan peradilan guna
menegakkan hukum dan keadilan.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo2; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Kekuasaan
kehakiman dilakukan oleh sebuah Mahkamah Agung dan badan peradilan yang berada
di bawahnya dalam lingkungan peradilan umum, lingkungan peradilan agama,
lingkungan peradilan militer, lingkungan peradilan tata usaha negara, dan oleh
sebuah Mahkamah Konstitusi.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 42.55pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Berdasarkan
Pasal di atas, ada beberapa hal penting berkenaan dengan Kekuasaan Kehakiman,
yaitu sebagai berikut: </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 49.5pt; margin-right: 19.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Kesatu,
kekuasaan kehakiman adalah kekuasaan yang merdeka dalam menjalankan peradilan; </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 49.5pt; margin-right: 19.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Kedua, tujuan
dari penyelenggaran kekuasaan kehakiman adalah untuk menegakkan hukum dan
keadilan; dan </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 49.5pt; margin-right: 19.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Ketiga,
pelaksanaan kekuasaan kehakiman dilakukan oleh Mahkamah Agung dan badan peradilan
dibawahnya, serta Mahkamah Konstitusi.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-right: 1.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Hakim sebagai
pejabat peradilan negara yang berwewenang untuk menerima, memeriksa, dan
memutus perkara yang dihadapkan kepadanya. Pada, hakikatnya, tugas hakim untuk
mengadili mengandung dua pengertian, yakni menegakkan keadilan dan menegakkan
hukum.<a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=3300920469775922562#_ftn3" name="_ftnref3" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn3;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[3]</span></span></span></span></a>
Oleh karena itu, hakim dalam menjalankan tugasnya diberikan kebebasan dan
kemandirian yang dijamin oleh undang-undang. Hal ini sangatlah penting, dengan
tujuan untuk menciptakan penegakan hukum yang berkeadilan serta menjamin
hak-hak asasi manusia.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-right: 1.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Tugas terpenting
seorang hakim yaitu menjatuhkan putusan terhadap kasus yang diterima dan
diperiksanya. Putusan hakim akan terasa begitu dihargai dan mempunyai nilai
kewibawaan, jika putusan tersebut merefleksikan rasa keadilan hukum masyarakat
dan juga merupakan sarana bagi masyarakat pencari keadilan untuk mendapat
kebenaran dan keadilan. Maka, dalam putusannya hakim harus mempertimbangkan
segala aspek yang bersifat yuridis, sosiologis dan filosofis, sehingga keadilan
yang ingin dicapai dapat terwujud, dan dipertanggungjawabkan dalam putusan
hakim yang berkeadilan dan berorientasi pada keadilan hukum (<i>legal justice</i>),
keadilan masyarakat (<i>social justice</i>), dan keadilan moral (<i>moral
justice</i>).<a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=3300920469775922562#_ftn4" name="_ftnref4" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn4;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[4]</span></span></span></span></a></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo4; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">B.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span></b><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Hakim Dalam
Perkembangan Zaman</span></b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 22.5pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -22.5pt;">
<b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">1. Zaman Orde
Lama</span></b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Upaya
menciptakan kehakiman yang mandiri dan merdeka sudah tertulis sejak
Undang-Undang No. 19 Tahun 1948 tentang Susunan dan Kekuasaan Badan-badan
Kehakiman dan Kejaksaan. Undang-undang ini menyatakan bahwa peradilan hanya
dilaksanakan oleh badan-badan kehakiman dan hanya tunduk pada undang-undang.<a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=3300920469775922562#_ftn5" name="_ftnref5" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn5;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[5]</span></span></span></span></a>
Para hakim merdeka dalam melaksanakan kekuasaan kehakiman dan hanya tunduk pada
undang-undang.<a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=3300920469775922562#_ftn6" name="_ftnref6" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn6;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[6]</span></span></span></span></a>
Pemegang kekuasaan pemerintahan dilarang untuk turut campur dalam urusan
kehakiman, kecuali yang telah disebutkan dalam undang-undang.<a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=3300920469775922562#_ftn7" name="_ftnref7" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn7;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[7]</span></span></span></span></a>
</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Namun, setelah
adanya Dekret Presiden 5 Juli 1959 di masa orde lama ini, terbitlah
Undang-Undang No. 19 Tahun 1964 tentang Ketentuan-ketentuan Pokok Kekuasaan
Kehakiman sebagai pengganti Undang-Undang No. 19 Tahun 1948. Pada Undang-Undang
No. 19 Tahun 1964 ini, terdapat perubahan yang mencolok, sehingga tujuan
terciptanya kehakiman yang mandiri dan merdeka menjadi terhambat.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Kehakiman yang
mandiri dan merdeka merupakan cita-cita luhur sesuai dengan Pasal 24 dan Pasal
25 UUD NRI 1945. Kemandirian kekuasaan kehakiman menjadi terkebiri setelah
terbitnya Undang-Undang No. 19 Tahun 1964. Undang-Undang No. 19 tahun 1964
banyak dipengaruhi “alam revolusi” dengan “Manipol”nya yang bertujuan untuk
menciptakan masyarakat sosialis Indonesia.<a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=3300920469775922562#_ftn8" name="_ftnref8" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn8;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[8]</span></span></span></span></a>
Sebagaimana Pasal 19, isinya menyatakan bahwa:</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 45.0pt; margin-right: 19.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Demi kepentingan revolusi, kehormatan
Negara dan Bangsa atau kepentingan masyarakat yang sangat mendesak, Presiden
dapat turut atau campur tangan dalam soal-soal pengadilan.</span></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-right: 1.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Penjelasan atas
Pasal 19 tersebut, berbunyi bahwa:</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 45.0pt; margin-right: 19.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Pengadilan adalah tidak bebas dari
pengaruh kekuasaan eksekutif dan kekuasaan membuat<b> </b>Undang-undang.
Sandaran yang terutama bagi pengadilan sebagai alat Revolusi adalah<b> </b>Pancasila
dan Manipol/Usdek. Segala sesuatu yang merupakan persoalan hukum berbentuk<b> </b>perkara-perkara
yang diajukan, wajib diputus dengan sandaran itu dengan mengingat fungsi<b> </b>Hukum
sebagai pengayoman. Akan tetapi adakalanya, bahwa Presiden/Pemimpin Besar<b> </b>Revolusi
harus dapat turun atau campur tangan baik dalam perkara perdata maupun dalam<b>
</b>perkara pidana. Hal ini disebabkan karena adanya kepentingan-kepentingan
Negara dan Bangsa yang lebih besar.</span></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-right: 1.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Berdasarkan
rumusan Pasal 19 tersebut dan penjelasannya maka jelaslah bahwa Presiden dapat
mengintervensi segala persoalan yang terjadi di pengadilan, termasuk untuk
mencampuri putusan hakim. Maka, dengan adanya Undang-Undang No. 19 Tahun 1964
tentang Ketentuan-ketentuan Pokok Kekuasaan Kehakiman pada masa orde lama ini,
jelaslah tidak memberikan jaminan terhadap kemandirian kekuasaan kehakiman,
bahkan secara tegas melanggar asas kebebasan hakim. Soekarno sebagai presiden
masa orde lama memang memperlihatkan kecenderungan ke arah otoriterisme, hal
ini dapat terlihat dengan berlakunya proses pemusatan kekuasaan negara pada
kekuasaan presiden, dimana kekuasaan legislatif, eksekutif, legislatif berada
pada satu tangan.<span class="MsoFootnoteReference"> <a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=3300920469775922562#_ftn9" name="_ftnref9" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn9;" title=""><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[9]</span></span></span></a></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 22.5pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -22.5pt;">
<b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">2. Zaman Orde
Baru</span></b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Setelah
runtuhnya rezim orde lama pada tahun 1965, maka terjadilah pergantian
pemeritahan menjadi rezim orde baru yang dipimpin oleh Soeharto. Orde baru
melakukan upaya pengkoreksian total terhadap kebijakan-kebijakan orde lama yang
tidak sesuai dengan Pancasila dan UUD NRI 1945. Salah satu langkah yang
ditempuh, yakni melakukan pencabutan dan penggantian terhadap semua peraturan
perundang-undangan yang inkonstitusional, termasuk Undang-Undang No. 19 Tahun
1964 tentang Ketentuan-ketentuan Pokok Kekuasaan Kehakiman, karena
undang-undang tersebut tidak menjamin kebebasan kekuasaan kehakiman. Lalu,
terbitlah Undang-Undang No. 14 Tahun 1970 tentang Ketentuan-ketentuan Pokok
Kekuasaan Kehakiman sebagai perundang-undangan yang memberikan pemurnian agar
kekuasaan kehakiman kembali bebas dan merdeka sesuai Pasal 24 UUD NRI 1945.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Pasal 1
Undang-Undang No. 14 Tahun 1970 menyatakan, bahwa: “Kekuasaan Kehakiman adalah
kekuasaan negara yang merdeka untuk menyelenggarakan peradilan guna menegakkan
hukum dan keadilan berdasarkan Pancasila, demi terselenggaranya negara hukum
Republik Indonesia”.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-right: 1.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-right: 1.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Pada Penjelasan
Pasal 1 tersebut, dijelaskan lebih lanjut bahwa: </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 45.0pt; margin-right: 19.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">“Kekuasaan
Kehakiman yang merdeka ini mengandung pengertian di dalamnya Kekuasaan
Kehakiman yang bebas dari campur tangan pihak kekuasaan Negara lainnya, dan
kebebasan dari paksaan, direktiva atau rekomendasi yang datang dari pihak extra
judiciil, kecuali dalam hal-hal yang diijinkan oleh Undang-undang. Kebebasan
dalam melaksanakan wewenang judiciil tidaklah mutlak sifatnya, karena tugas
dari pada Hakim adalah untuk menegakkan hukum dan keadilan berdasarkan
Pancasila dengan jalan menafsirkan hukum dan mencari dasar-dasar serta
azas-azas yang jadi landasannya, melalui perkara-perkara yang dihadapkan
kepadanya, sehingga keputusannya mencerminkan perasaan keadilan Bangsa dan
Rakyat Indonesia”.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-right: 1.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Ditegaskan pula
pada Pasal 4 ayat (3), yang bunyinya, “Segala campur tangan dalam urusan
peradilan oleh pihak-pihak lain diluar Kekuasaan Kehakiman dilarang, kecuali
dalam hal-hal yang tersebut dalam Undang-undang Dasar”. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-right: 1.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Penjabaran
Pasal 4 ayat (3) pada Penjelasan, mengatakan:</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 45.0pt; margin-right: 19.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Di sini perlu
ditegaskan, bahwa agar supaya Pengadilan dapat menaikan tugasnya dengan
sebaik-baiknya, yakni memberikan keputusan yang sematamata berdasarkan
kebenaran, keadilan dan kejujuran, maka tidak dapat dibenarkan adanya
tekanan-tekanan atau pengaruh-pengaruh dari luar yang akan menyebabkan para
Hakim tidak bebas lagi dalam mengambil keputusan yang seadil-adilnya.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Bagir Manan</span></b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> menyatakan,
bahwa “ketentuan dan Penjelasan Undang-Undang No. 14 Tahun 1970 selain
mengembalikan asas kekuasaan kehakiman yang merdeka sekaligus juga menjelaskan
kandungan pengertian kekuasaan kehakiman yang medeka tersebut yaitu:<a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=3300920469775922562#_ftn10" name="_ftnref10" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn10;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[10]</span></span></span></span></a>
</span></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">1. Kekuasaan kehakiman yang merdeka adalah kebebasan
dalam urusan peradilan atau kebebasan menyelenggarakan fungsi peradilan (fungsi
yustisial). Kebebasan ini mencakup kebebasan memeriksa, mengadili, dan memutus
perkara. Hal-hal di luar fungsi peradilan (fungsi non-yustisial) tidak termasuk
kandungan pengertian kekuasaan kehakiman yang merdeka. Namun, tidak pula serta
merta berarti bahwa terhadap fungsi non-yustisial dapat dicampuri secara tanpa
batas. Fungsi-fungsi non-yustisial yang bertalian erat dengan perwujudan
kebebasan fungsi yustisial harus selalu mendapat perhatian yang seksama. Tata
cara pengaturan atau campur tangan terhadap fungsi non-yustisial tanpa
memperhatikan fungsi yustisial dapat mengurangi atau memudarkan kebebasan
fungsi yustisial.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 45.0pt; margin-right: 19.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -13.5pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">2. Kekuasaan kehakiman yang merdeka mengandung makna
larangan bagi kekuasaan <i>extra</i> yustisial mencampuri urusan proses
penyelenggaraan peradilan. Hal ini, merupakan penegasan dar bunyi penjelasan
UUD 1945 yang secara umum menyebutkan “terlepas dari pengaruh kekuasaan
pemerintah”. Dengan demikian, “kekuasaan pemerintah” itu tidak semata-mata
kekuasaan eksekutif, tetapi juga meliputi kekuasaan lainnya, yaitu: MPR, DPR,
BPK dan kekuasaan ekstra yustisial lainnya. Karena larangan hanya berlaku
terhadap kekuasaan ekstra yustisial, maka kekuasaan kehakiman tertentu
dimungkinkan untuk mencampuri pelaksanaan fungsi kekuasaan kehakiman lainnya,
seperti kewenangan pengadilan tinggi untuk memeriksa perkara banding,
kewenangan Mahkamah Agung untuk melakukan pemeriksaan pada tingkat kasasi
merupakan campur tangan atas putusan yang telah diambil oleh suatu kekuasaan kehakiman
yang lebih rendah tingkatannya.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 45.0pt; margin-right: 19.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -13.5pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">3. Kekuasaan kehakiman yang merdeka diadakan dalam rangka
diselenggarakannya negara berdasarkan hukum (<i>de rechtstaat</i>). Dengan
penegasan ini, maka kekuasaan kehakiman dimungkinkan untuk melakukan pengawasan
yustisial (<i>rechttelijk control</i>) terhadap tindakan badan penyelenggara
negara atau penyelenggara pemerintahan lainnya.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 45.0pt; margin-right: 19.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -13.5pt;">
<br /></div>
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<b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">3. Zaman
Reformasi</span></b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Zaman reformasi
dimulai sejak runtuhnya rezim orde baru pada 21 Mei 1998. Penegakan supremasi
hukum dan penataan sistem peradilan merupakan salah satu agenda reformasi yang
harus dijalankan oleh pemerintah. Upaya yang dilakukan pemerintah pada masa
reformasi yaitu melakukan amandemen terhadap UUD NRI 1945 dan
perundang-undangan yang berkaitan dengan kekuasaan kehakiman yang mandiri dan
bebas.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Perubahan pada
perundang-undangan kekuasaan kehakiman, terjadi setelah diundangkannya
Undang-Undang No. 35 Tahun 1999 atas perubahan Undang-Undang No. 14 Tahun 1970.
Perubahan pengaturan yang terkandung dalam Undang-Undang No. 35 Tahun 1999, yaitu
tersurat dalam Pasal 11 ayat (1) yang menyatakan bahwa, “Badan-badan yang
melakukan peradilan tersebut Pasal 10 ayat (1), organisatoris, administratif
dan finaciil ada di bawah kekuasaan masing-masing departemen yang
bersangkutan”.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Pasal 11 ayat
(1) inilah yang pada kenyataannya memberikan wewenang kepada pemerintah
(Departemen Kehakiman, Departemen Agama dan Departemen Pertahanan) untuk
memberikan kekuasaan judicial di bidang organisatoris, administratif, dan
keuangan. Kemudian untuk menghindari adanya intervensi Pemerintah dalam
kekuasaan kehakiman, maka pertimbangan lahirnya Undang-Undang No. 35 Tahun
1999, adalah:</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 58.5pt; margin-right: 23.5pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -13.5pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">a. bahwa kekuasaan kehakiman adalah kekuasaan yang
merdeka dan oleh karena itu untuk mewujudkan kekuasaan kehakiman yang mandiri
dan terlepas dari kekuasaan pemerintah dipandang perlu melaksanakan pemisahan
yang jelas antar fungsi-fungsi yudikatif dari eksekutif.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 58.5pt; margin-right: 23.5pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -13.5pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">b. bahwa pengorganisasian, pengadministrasian, dan
pengaturan finansial Badan-badan Peradilan yang berada di masing-masing Departemen
sebagaimana dimaksud dalam Pasal 11 ayat (1) Undang-undang Nomor 14 Tahun 1970
tentang Ketentuan-ketentuan Pokok Kekuasaan Kehakiman perlu disesuaikan dengan
tuntutan perkembangan keadaan;</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Selanjutnya
Undang-Undang No. 35 Tahun 1999 ini menetapkan bahwa badan-badan peradilan
sebagaimana diatur oleh Undang-Undang No. 14 Tahun 1970, yaitu Peradilan Umum,
Peradilan Agama, Peradilan Militer dan Peradilan Tata Usaha Negara secara
organisatoris, administratif, dan financial yang semula berada di bawah kekuasaan
masing-masing departemen yang bersangkutan, sekarang dalam Undang-Undang No. 35
Tahun 1999 berada di bawah kekuasaan Mahkamah Agung. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Setelah itu,
terjadi pergantian dengan terbitnya Undang-Undang No. 4 Tahun 2004 tentang
Kekuasaan Kehakiman. Undang-Undang No. 4 Tahun 2004 ini menunjukkan adanya
suatu langkah maju dari sistem peradilan, yaitu berupa pertanggungjawaban
lembaga peradilan kepada masyarakat. Ketentuan yang dimaksud adalah adanya
kewajiban bagi hakim untuk menyampaikan pertimbangan atau pendapat tertulis
terhadap perkara yang sedang diperiksa dan menjadi bagian yang tidak
terpisahkan dari putusan.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Hal ini
tercermin dalam Pasal 19 yang berbunyai sebagai berikut:</span></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Rapat
permusyawaratan hakim bersifat rahasia.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-right: 19.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo5; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Dalam sidang
permusyawaratan, setiap hakim wajib menyampaikan pertimbangan atau pendapat
tertulis terhadap perkara yang sedang diperiksa dan menjadi bagian yang tak
terpisahkan dari putusan.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-right: 19.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo5; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Dalam hal
sidang permusyawaratan tidak dapat dicapai mufakat bulat, pendapat hakim yang
berbeda wajib dimuat dalam putusan.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Perundang-undangan
tentang kekuasaan kehakiman semakin disempurnakan dengan terbitnya
Undang-Undang No. 48 Tahun 2009 tentang Kekuasaan Kehakiman menggantikan
Undang-Undang No. 4 Tahun 2004. Adapun hal-hal penting dalam Undang-Undang ini
antara lain sebagai berikut:<a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=3300920469775922562#_ftn11" name="_ftnref11" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn11;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[11]</span></span></span></span></a>
</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-right: 19.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo6; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">a)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Mereformulasi
sistematika Undang-Undang Nomor 4 Tahun 2004 tentang Kekuasaan Kehakiman
terkait dengan pengaturan secara komprehensif dalam Undang-Undang ini, misalnya
adanya bab tersendiri mengenai asas penyelenggaraan kekuasaan kehakiman.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-right: 19.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo6; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">b)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Pengaturan umum
mengenai pengawasan hakim dan hakim konstitusi sesuai dengan peraturan
perundang-undangan dan Kode Etik dan Pedoman Perilaku Hakim.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-right: 19.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo6; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">c)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Pengaturan umum
mengenai pengangkatan dan pemberhentian hakim dan hakim konstitusi.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-right: 19.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo6; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">d)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Pengaturan
mengenai pengadilan khusus yang mempunyai kewenangan untuk memeriksa, mengadili
dan memutus perkara tertentu yang hanya dapat dibentuk dalam salah satu
lingkungan badan peradilan yang berada di bawah Mahkamah Agung.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-right: 19.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo6; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">e)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Pengaturan
mengenai hakim <i>ad hoc </i>yang bersifat sementara dan memiliki keahlian
serta pengalaman di bidang tertentu untuk memeriksa, mengadili, dan memutus
suatu perkara.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-right: 19.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo6; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">f)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Pengaturan umum
mengenai arbitrase dan alternatif penyelesaian sengketa di luar pengadilan.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-right: 19.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo6; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">g)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Pengaturan umum
mengenai bantuan hukum bagi pencari keadilan yang tidak mampu dan pengaturan
mengenai pos bantuan hukum pada setiap pengadilan.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-right: 19.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo6; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">h)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Pengaturan umum
mengenai jaminan keamanan dan kesejahteraan hakim dan hakim konstitusi.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Undang-Undang
No. 48 Tahun 2009 ini menjamin kekuasaan kehakiman menjadi bebas dan mandiri
demi penegakan hukum yang bertujuan pada keadilan dan kebenaran, selain itu
undang-undang ini mengatur lebih komprehensif mengenai seluk beluk tentang
kekuasaan kehakiman.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;">Kewajiban-kewajiban yang harus dilakukan
oleh Hakim:</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: .25in; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo7; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;">Mendengar dan memperlakukan kedua belah pihak berpekara secara berimbang
dengan tidak memihak (impartial). Ketidak berpihakan seorang hakim terhadap
pihak-pihak yang berp[erkara tidak boleh terpengaruh karena adanya hubungan
keluarga, teman baik, karena pihak yang dihadapi tokoh masyarakat, ataupun
ketidak berpihakan disebabkan oleh adanya tawaran-tawaran materi.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: .25in; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo7; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;">Sopan dalam bertutur dan bertindak. Tindakan dan tutur kata yang sopan
tidak hanya di tunjukan dalam kerangka menjalankan tugasnya osebagai hakim
tetapi juga dalam hubungan dan interaksi dengan masyarakat.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: .25in; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo7; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;">Memeriksa perkara dengan arif, cermat dan sabar. Hal ini akan menghindarkan
hakim dari kesalahan-kesalahan dalam mengambil keputusan, karena setiap
persoalan yang dihadapi selalu diplajari dengan cermat dan penuh kehati-hatian.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: .25in; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo7; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;">Memutus perkara berdasarkan atas hokum dan rasa keadilan. Keputusan diambil
bukan karena pertimbangan suka atau tidak suka tetapi betul-betul didasarkan
atas aturan hokum yang ada. Tindakan ini merupakan bagian dari upaya penegakan
supremasi hokum. Sedangkan rasa keadilan bahwa orang-orang yang tertindas,
tidak berdaya dan selalu menjadi korban atas berbagai bentuk
kesewenang-wenangan secara moral harus diperjuangkan, tanpa melihat posisi dan
kedudukannya sebagai warganegara.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: .25in; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo7; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">5)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;">Menjaga martabat, kedudukan dan kehormatan hakim. Seorang hakim harus mampu
menghindari tindakan-tindakan negative yang dapat merusak citra profesi hakim
di masyarakat.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;">Hal-hal yang tidak diperbolehkan
seorang hakim dalam menjalankan profesinya yaitu:</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: .25in; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;">Melakukan kolusi dengan siapapun yang berkaitan dengan perkara yang akan
dan sedang ditangani.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: .25in; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;">Menerima sesuatu pemberian atau janji dari pihak-pihak yang berperkara.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: .25in; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;">Membicarakn suatu perkara yang ditanganinya diluar persidangan.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: .25in; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;">Mengeluarkan pendapat atas suatu kasus yang ditanganinya baik dalam
persidangan maupun diluar persidangan mendahului putusan.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: .25in; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">5)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;">Melecehkan sesama hakim,jaksa, penasehat hokum,para pihak berperkara,
ataupun pihak lain.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: .25in; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">6)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;">Memberikan komentar terbuka atas putusan hakim lain, kecuali dilakukan
dalam rangka pengkajian ilmiah.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: .25in; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">7)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;">Menjadi anggota partai politik dan pekerjaan/jabatan yang dilarang
undang-undang.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: .25in; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">8)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;">Mempergunakan nama jabatan korps untuk kepentingan pribadi maupun kelompok.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo4; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">C.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span></b><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Aliran Dalam
Menemukan Hukum Oleh Hakim</span></b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-right: .25in; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Seiring perkembangan zaman, diketahui terdapat beberapa
aliran menemukan hukum oleh hakim dalam memutus suatu perkara, yaitu hakim
positivis atau legisme, hakim otonom/bebas (<i>begriffsjurisprudenz</i>), dan
hakim saat sekarang/hakim progresif.<a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=3300920469775922562#_ftn12" name="_ftnref12" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn12;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[12]</span></span></span></span></a></span><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;"> </span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-right: .25in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo8; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Hakim Legisme/Positivisme Hukum</span><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-right: .25in; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Aliran ini muncul pada abad ke-19, karena ajaran hukum
alam yang rasionalistis hampir ditinggalkan orang sama sekali, antara lain
karena pengaruh dari aliran <i>cultuur historisch school (sekolah bersejarah
kebudayaan), </i>akan tetapi, ditinggalkannya aliran hukum alam yang
rasionalistis tersebut mengakibatkan semakin kuatnya aliran hukum lain yang
menggantikannya, yaitu aliran positivisme hukum.<a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=3300920469775922562#_ftn13" name="_ftnref13" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn13;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[13]</span></span></span></span></a></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-right: .25in; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">legisme sejalan dengan Trias Politika dari <i>Montesquieu</i><b>,
</b>yang menyatakan bahwa hanya apa yang dibuat oleh badan legislatif saja yang
dapat membuat hukum, jadi suatu kaidah yang tidak ditentukan oleh badan
legislatif bukanlah merupakan suatu kaidah hakim dan kewenangan pengadilan
hanya menerapkan undang-undang saj<a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=3300920469775922562" name="_ftnref33">a.</a><a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=3300920469775922562#_ftn14" name="_ftnref14" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn14;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[14]</span></span></span></span></a></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-right: .25in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo8; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Hakim
Otonom/Bebas</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-right: .25in; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Aliran hakim ini muncul sebagai reaksi penentangan
terhadap aliran legisme, yang mendewakan undang-undang sebagai satu-satunya
sumber hukum. Aliran ini muncul pada awal abad ke 20, yang mengajarkan tentang
kebebasan hakim (<i>Freirechtslehre</i>) yang berpendapat bahwa hukum lahir
karena peradilan.<a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=3300920469775922562#_ftn15" name="_ftnref15" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn15;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[15]</span></span></span></span></a>
Titik tolak pandangan ini ialah bahwa undang-undang bukanlah satu-satunya
sumber hukum, undang-undang itu selalu tidak lengkap dan selalu terdapat
kesenjangan di dalamnya.<a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=3300920469775922562#_ftn16" name="_ftnref16" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn16;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[16]</span></span></span></span></a>
Undang-undang sebagai buatan manusia besifat statis, dan selalu tertinggal
dengan keadaan manusia yang selalu berkembang. Dalam kondisi seperti ini,
undang-undang memiliki kelemahan dan kekosongan hukum karena tidak bisa
mengikuti kebutuhan zaman.</span></div>
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</span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Hakim Progresif</span></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Hakim progresif
adalah hakim yang menganut pada aliran hukum progresif. Kata progresif berasal
dari progressi yang berarti adalah kemajuan. Jadi di sini diharapkan hukum itu
hendaknya mampu mengikuti perkembangan zaman, mampu menjawab perubahan zaman
dengan segala dasar didalamnya, serta mampu melayani masyarakat dengan
menyandar pada aspek moralitas dan sumber daya manusia penegak hukum itu
sendiri. <b>Satjipto Raharjo </b>dalam bukunya menyatakan, “Selain itu konsep
hukum progresif tidak lepas dari konsep progresivisme, yang bertitik tolak pada
pandangan kemanusiaan, bahwa manusia itu pada dasarnya adalah baik, memiliki
kasih sayang kepedulian terhadap sesama sebagai modal penting bagi membangun
cara berhukum di dalam masyarakat. <a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=3300920469775922562#_ftn17" name="_ftnref17" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn17;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[17]</span></span></span></span></a></span></div>
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<b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Kesimpulan</span></b></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Hakim sebagai
pejabat peradilan negara yang berwewenang untuk menerima, memeriksa, dan
memutus perkara yang dihadapkan kepadanya. Pada, hakikatnya, tugas hakim untuk
mengadili mengandung dua pengertian, yakni menegakkan keadilan dan menegakkan hukum</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">.</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> Oleh karena
itu, hakim dalam menjalankan tugasnya diberikan kebebasan dan kemandirian yang
dijamin oleh undang-undang. Hal ini sangatlah penting, dengan tujuan untuk
menciptakan penegakan hukum yang berkeadilan serta menjamin hak-hak asasi
manusia</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"></span></div>
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<b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Saran</span></b></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Demikianlah makalah yang dapat kami susun dan
kami sangat menyadari makalah ini masih jauh dari kesempurnaan. Maka kami
mengharapkan kritik dan saran yang membangun demi perbaikan dan pengembangan,
untuk mengetahui lebih dalam lagi setidaknya banyak-banklah berdiskusi di dalam
atau di luar kampus. semoga makalah ini dapat menambah pengetahuan dan bermanfaat
bagi kita semua.</span></div>
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<b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">DAFTAR PUSTAKA</span></b></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Undang-Undang Dasar Negara
Republik Indonesia Tahun1945.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"></span></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Undang-Undang No. 19 Tahun
1948.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"></span></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Majelis Permusyawaratan
Rakyat Republik Indonesia</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"></span></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">2008</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">, </span><i><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Panduan Pemasyarakatan
Undang-Undang Dasar Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 1945</span></i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">, </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Jakarta: Sekretariat
Jenderal MPR RI</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">.</span></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Sudirman</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">, </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Antonius </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"></span></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">2007</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">, </span><i><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Hati Nurani Hakim dan
Putusannya</span></i><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">, </span></i><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Bandung: Citra Aditya Bakti</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">.</span></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Rifai Ahmad </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"></span></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">2010</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">, </span><i><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Penemuan Hukum oleh Hakim
Dalam Persfektif Hukum Progresif </span></i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">, </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Jakarta: Sinar Grafika</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">.</span></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Wisnubroto</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">, </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Al</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"></span></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">1997</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">, </span><i><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Hakim dan Peradilan di
Indonesia</span></i><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">, </span></i><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Yogyakarta: Univ. Atmajaya</span></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Moerad</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">, </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Pontang </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">2005</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">, </span><i><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Pembentukan Hukum Melalui
Putusan Pengadilan Dalam Perkara Pidana</span></i><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">, </span></i><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Bandung: Alumni</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Mertokusumo</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">,</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"> <span lang="IN">Sudikno dan
Pitlo</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">1993</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">, </span><i><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Bab-Bab Tentang Penemuan
Hukum</span></i><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">, </span></i><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Yogyakarta: Citra Aditya Bakti</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Hamzah</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">,</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"> <span lang="IN">Andi </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">1996</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">,<i> </i></span><i><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Hukum Acara Pidana
Indonesia</span></i><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">, </span></i><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Jakarta: CV. Shapta artha jaya</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Raharjo</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">,</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"> <span lang="IN">Satjipto</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">2003</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">, </span><i><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Membedah Hukum Progresif</span></i><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">, </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Jakarta: Kompas</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">.</span></div>
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<div id="ftn1" style="mso-element: footnote;">
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<a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=3300920469775922562#_ftnref1" name="_ftn1" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn1;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[1]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Pasal 1 ayat (3)
Undang-Undang Dasar Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun1945.</span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn2" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoFootnoteTextCxSpFirst">
<a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=3300920469775922562#_ftnref2" name="_ftn2" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn2;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[2]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><b><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Majelis Permusyawaratan Rakyat Republik Indonesia</span></b><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">, <i>Panduan
Pemasyarakatan Undang-Undang Dasar Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 1945</i>
(Jakarta: Sekretariat Jenderal MPR RI, 2008), hlm. 46.</span><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span></div>
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<div id="ftn3" style="mso-element: footnote;">
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<a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=3300920469775922562#_ftnref3" name="_ftn3" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn3;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[3]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><b><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Antonius Sudirman</span></b><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">, <i>Hati Nurani Hakim
dan Putusannya </i>(Bandung: Citra Aditya Bakti, 2007), hlm. 78.</span><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span></div>
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<div id="ftn4" style="mso-element: footnote;">
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<a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=3300920469775922562#_ftnref4" name="_ftn4" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn4;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[4]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><b><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Ahmad Rifai</span></b><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">, <i>Penemuan Hukum oleh Hakim, Dalam Persfektif Hukum
Progresif </i>(Jakarta: Sinar Grafika, 2010), hlm. 104</span><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span></div>
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<div id="ftn5" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpFirst" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto;">
<a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=3300920469775922562#_ftnref5" name="_ftn5" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn5;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[5]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Pasal 2 Undang-Undang No.
19 Tahun 1948.</span></div>
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<a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=3300920469775922562#_ftnref6" name="_ftn6" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn6;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[6]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Pasal 3 ayat (2)
Undang-Undang No. 19 Tahun 1948.</span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn7" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=3300920469775922562#_ftnref7" name="_ftn7" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn7;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[7]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Pasal 3 ayat (3) Undang-Undang No. 19 Tahun 1948.</span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn8" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=3300920469775922562#_ftnref8" name="_ftn8" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn8;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[8]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><b><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Al. Wisnubroto, </span></b><i><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Hakim dan Peradilan di
Indonesia </span></i><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">(Yogyakarta: Univ. Atmajaya, 1997), hlm. 8</span><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn9" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=3300920469775922562#_ftnref9" name="_ftn9" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn9;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[9]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><b><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Antonius Sudirman</span></b><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">, <i>Op.Cit., </i>hlm.
83-84</span><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn10" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=3300920469775922562#_ftnref10" name="_ftn10" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn10;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[10]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><b><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Pontang Moerad</span></b><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">, <i>Pembentukan Hukum Melalui Putusan Pengadilan Dalam
Perkara Pidana </i>(Bandung: Alumni, 2005), hlm. 157-158.</span><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn11" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=3300920469775922562#_ftnref11" name="_ftn11" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn11;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[11]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Penjelasan Umum Undang-Undang No. 48 Tahun 2009.</span><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn12" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=3300920469775922562#_ftnref12" name="_ftn12" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn12;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[12]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><b><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Sudikno Mertokusumo dan Pitlo</span></b><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">, <i>Bab-Bab Tentang
Penemuan Hukum </i>(Yogyakarta: Citra Aditya Bakti, 1993), hlm. 42-44</span><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn13" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=3300920469775922562#_ftnref13" name="_ftn13" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn13;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[13]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><b><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Pontang Moerad</span></b><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">, <i>Op.Cit., </i>hlm. 164.</span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn14" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=3300920469775922562#_ftnref14" name="_ftn14" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn14;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[14]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><b><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Ahmad Rifai</span></b><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">, <i>Op.Cit</i>, hlm.30.</span><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span></div>
</div>
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<a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=3300920469775922562#_ftnref15" name="_ftn15" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn15;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[15]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><b><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Sudikno Mertokusumo dan Pitlo,</span></b><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> <i>Op.Cit</i>, hlm. 44.</span><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn16" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=3300920469775922562#_ftnref16" name="_ftn16" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn16;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[16]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><b><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Andi Hamzah</span></b><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">, <i>Hukum Acara Pidana Indonesia (Jakarta: CV. Shapta
artha jaya,1996) <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></i>hlm. 115.</span><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn17" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=3300920469775922562#_ftnref17" name="_ftn17" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn17;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[17]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><b><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Satjipto Raharjo</span></b><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">, <i>Membedah Hukum
Progresif</i> (Jakarta: Kompas, 2003), hal. 228.</span><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span></div>
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jajat hidayathttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14800864142928577412noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3300920469775922562.post-85797023698409568902012-09-18T08:00:00.000+07:002012-12-15T16:52:13.355+07:00RUU Jaminan Produk Halal<!--[if !mso]>
<![endif]-->
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormalCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; mso-add-space: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;">
<b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">BAB I</span></b></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormalCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; mso-add-space: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;">
<b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">PENDAHULUAN</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .25in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l9 level2 lfo7; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: -.25in;">
<b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.1<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span></b><b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Latar Belakang<a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=3300920469775922562#_ftn1" name="_ftnref1" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn1;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[1]</span></b></span></span></span></a></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Kesadaran
masyarakat untuk mengkonsumsi makanan atau minuman yang dijamin kehalalannya
cukup tinggi. Untuk itu, pemerintah Indonesia berkewajiban melindungi
masyarakat akan konsumsi makanan halal.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Undang-undang
Dasar Negara Republik Indonesia 1945 (UUD 1945) memberikan dasar-dasar
konstitusional bagi seluruh warga negara Indonesia dalam menjalani kehidupan,
baik duniawi maupun ukhrowi. Dalam menjalankan hubungan manusia dengan manusia,
setiap orang pada saat yang bersamaan tidak dapat melepaskan diri dari pengaruh
dengan Tuhan-Nya sebagaimana dijumpai secara maknawi dalam norma filosofis
negara, Pancasila.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Setiap warga
negara Republik Indonesia dijamin hak konstitusional oleh UUD 1945 seperti hak
asasi manusia, hak beragama dan beribadat, hak mendapat perlindungan hukum dan
persamaan hak dan kedudukan dalam hukum, serta hak untuk memperoleh kehidupan
yang layak termasuk hak untuk mengkonsumsi pangan dan menggunakan produk
lainnya yang dapat menjamin kualitas hidup dan kehidupan manusia.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Pemerintah pun
telah mengatur mengenai hal ini dalam aturan yang telah berlaku, yakni UU No 7
Tahun 1996 tentang Pangan, UU Nomor 6 Tahun 1967 tentang Ketentuan-ketentuan
Pokok Peternakan dan Kesehatan Hewan dan UU No 8 tahun 1999 tentang
Perlindungan Konsumen.<br />
Pada pasal 30 ayat 1 UU No 7 Tahun 1996 tentang Pangan disebutkan setiap orang
yang memproduksi atau memasukkan ke dalam wilayah Indonesia makanan yang
dikemas untuk diperdagangkan wajib mencantumkan label pada, di dalam, dan atau
di kemasan pangan.<br />
Pada ayat 2 disebutkan Label, sebagaimana dimaksud pada ayat (1), memuat
sekurang-kurangnya keterangan mengenai :</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Nama produk</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Daftar bahan yang digunakan</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Berat bersih atau isi bersih</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Nama dan alamat pihak yang memproduksi atau memasukkan
pangan ke dalam wilayah Indonesia</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">5)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Keterangan tentang halal</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">6)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Tanggal, bulan, dan tahun kedaluarsa</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 22.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo1; mso-outline-level: 1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -22.5pt;">
<b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.2<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span></b><b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Permasalahan</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 22.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-outline-level: 1; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Masalah-masalah yang akan penulis bahas dalam
makalah ini adalah:</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="mso-list: l3 level1 lfo6; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Mengapa RUU JPH di Buat?</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Argumen dalam Naskah akademik.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="mso-list: l3 level1 lfo6; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Apa substansi yang diatur?</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="mso-list: l3 level1 lfo6; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Bagaimana Implikasi Pengaturan tersebut?</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: 0in; mso-outline-level: 1; text-align: justify;">
<b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">I.3. Tujuan Penulisan</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: center 3.0in left 306.75pt; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Makalah dengan judul: “RUU Jaminan Produk
Halal” (Kapita Selekta Hukum Islam di Indonesia)</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-outline-level: 1; text-align: justify;">
<b><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-themecolor: text1;">I.4. Metode
Pengumpulan Data</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Data-data yang<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>penulis olah menjadi makalah ini di peroleh melalui buku-buku dan dari
pencarian Google yang relevan.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-outline-level: 1; text-align: justify;">
<b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">I.5. Kegunan Makalah</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Makalah ini dapat di gunakan sebagai penambah
ilmu pengetahuan dan sebagai pedoman dan mempelajari dan memahami masalah <i>RUU
JPH (Jaminan Produk Halal).</i></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-outline-level: 1; text-align: justify;">
<b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">I.6.Sistematika Penulisan</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">BAB I Latar belakang, BAB II (1) Pandangan
agama tentang Produk Halal (2) Permasalahan RUU JPH (3) RUU JPH Beri Jaminan
Perlindungan Konsumen Seluruh Rakyat (4) Implikasi Pengaturannya, BAB III
Penutup.<b> </b></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; tab-stops: 202.5pt; text-align: center;">
<b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">BAB II</span></b></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">PEMBAHASAN</span></b></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo8; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span></b><b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Pandangan Agama Tentang Produk Halal</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Masyarakat memerlukan perlindungan dari
pemerintah bagi semua barang yang di makan dan di minum terutama hasil produksi
makanan dan minuman yang selama ini dilakukan, halal menurut ajaran Islam.
Beberapa ayat dan Hadis antara lain:</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="direction: rtl; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; unicode-bidi: embed;">
<span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB5; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;">(</span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB1; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">#</span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">q</span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">è</span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">=</span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">ä</span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">.</span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB5; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;">u</span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">r</span></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "\(normal text\)"; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "\(normal text\)";"> </span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB1; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">$</span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">£</span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">J</span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">Ï</span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">B</span></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "\(normal text\)"; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "\(normal text\)";"> </span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">ã</span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">N</span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">ä</span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">3</span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB5; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;">x</span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">%</span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB5; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;">y</span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB1; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;"></span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB5; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;">u</span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB1; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;"></span></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "\(normal text\)"; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "\(normal text\)";"> </span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB5; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;">ª</span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB1; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">!</span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB5; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;">$</span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB1; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">#</span></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "\(normal text\)"; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "\(normal text\)";"> </span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">W</span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">x</span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">»</span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB5; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;">n</span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">=</span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB5; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;">y</span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB1; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">m</span></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "\(normal text\)"; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "\(normal text\)";"> </span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB1; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">$</span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">Y</span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB1; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">7</span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">Í</span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">h</span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;"></span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB5; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;">s</span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB1; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">Û</span></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "\(normal text\)"; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "\(normal text\)";"> </span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">4</span></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "\(normal text\)"; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "\(normal text\)";"> </span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB5; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;">(</span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB1; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">#</span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">q</span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">à</span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">)</span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">¨</span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB1; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">?</span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB5; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;">$</span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB1; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">#</span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB5; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;">u</span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">r</span></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "\(normal text\)"; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "\(normal text\)";"> </span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB5; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;">©</span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB1; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">!</span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB5; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;">$</span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB1; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">#</span></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "\(normal text\)"; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "\(normal text\)";"> </span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">ü</span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;"></span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">Ï</span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB3; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB3;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB3;">%</span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">©</span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB3; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB3;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB3;">!</span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB5; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;">$</span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB1; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">#</span></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "\(normal text\)"; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "\(normal text\)";"> </span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">O</span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">ç</span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB1; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">F</span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">R</span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB5; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;">r</span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB1; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">&</span></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "\(normal text\)"; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "\(normal text\)";"> </span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">¾</span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">Ï</span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">m</span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">Î</span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB1; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">/</span></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "\(normal text\)"; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "\(normal text\)";"> </span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB5; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;"></span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">c</span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">q</span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">ã</span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">Z</span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">Ï</span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">B</span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">÷</span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">s</span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">ã</span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">B</span></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "\(normal text\)"; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "\(normal text\)";"> </span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">Ç</span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">Ñ<span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">Ñ</span></span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">È</span></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "\(normal text\)"; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "\(normal text\)";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<i><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">“dan
makanlah makanan yang halal lagi baik dari apa yang Allah telah rezekikan
kepadamu, dan bertakwalah kepada Allah yang kamu beriman kepada-Nya”.</span></i><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">
(Al-Maaidah:88)</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="direction: rtl; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; unicode-bidi: embed;">
<span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB5; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;">(</span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB1; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">#</span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">q</span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">è</span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">=</span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">ä</span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">3</span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB5; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;">s</span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB1; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">ù</span></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "\(normal text\)"; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "\(normal text\)";"> </span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB1; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">$</span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">£</span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">J</span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">Ï</span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">B</span></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "\(normal text\)"; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "\(normal text\)";"> </span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">ã</span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">N</span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">à</span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">6</span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB5; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;">s</span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">%</span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB5; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;">y</span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB1; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;"></span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB5; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;">u</span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB1; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;"></span></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "\(normal text\)"; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "\(normal text\)";"> </span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB5; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;">ª</span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB1; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">!</span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB5; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;">$</span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB1; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">#</span></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "\(normal text\)"; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "\(normal text\)";"> </span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">W</span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">x</span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">»</span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB5; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;">n</span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">=</span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB5; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;">y</span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB1; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">m</span></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "\(normal text\)"; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "\(normal text\)";"> </span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB1; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">$</span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">Y</span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB1; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">7</span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">Í</span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">h</span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;"></span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB5; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;">s</span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB1; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">Û</span></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "\(normal text\)"; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "\(normal text\)";"> </span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB5; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;">(</span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB1; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">#</span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">r</span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">ã</span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB1; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;"></span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">à</span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">6</span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">ô</span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB1; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">©</span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB5; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;">$</span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB1; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">#</span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB5; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;">u</span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">r</span></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "\(normal text\)"; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "\(normal text\)";"> </span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB5; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;">|</span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB1; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">M</span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB5; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;">y</span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">J</span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">÷</span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB1; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">è</span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">Ï</span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">R</span></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "\(normal text\)"; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "\(normal text\)";"> </span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB5; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;">«</span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB1; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">!</span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB5; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;">$</span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB1; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">#</span></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "\(normal text\)"; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "\(normal text\)";"> </span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">b</span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">Î</span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB1; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">)</span></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "\(normal text\)"; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "\(normal text\)";"> </span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">ó</span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">O</span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">ç</span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB1; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">F</span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">Z</span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">ä</span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">.</span></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "\(normal text\)"; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "\(normal text\)";"> </span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">ç</span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">n</span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB1; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">$</span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;"></span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;"></span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">Î</span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB1; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">)</span></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "\(normal text\)"; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "\(normal text\)";"> </span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB5; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;">t</span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">b</span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">r</span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">ß</span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB1; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;"></span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">ç</span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB1; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">7</span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB4; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB4;">÷</span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB1; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">è</span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB5; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB5;">s</span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB1; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB1;">?</span></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "\(normal text\)"; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "\(normal text\)";"> </span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">Ç</span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">Ê<span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">Ê</span></span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">Í</span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: HQPB2; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: HQPB2;">È</span></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "\(normal text\)"; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "\(normal text\)";"> </span></div>
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<i><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">“Maka
makanlah yang halal lagi baik dari rezki yang telah diberikan Allah kepadamu;
dan syukurilah nikmat Allah, jika kamu hanya kepada-Nya saja menyembah”. </span></i><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">(An-Nahl:114)</span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ان لله طيب لا
يقبل الا طيب (رواه مسلم )</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">“sesungguhnya
ALLAH itu baik dan Dia hanya menerima hal-hal yang baik saja”. (H.R.Muslim)</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Oleh karena itu pemerintah bersama
dengan ulama atau pemuka agama islam berkewajiban untuk melakukan pengawasan
untuk dari hal-hal yang dapat mempengaruhi kehalalan dari bahan pokok, bahan
tambahan, proses produksi dan pengedaran pemakanan dan minuman.<a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=3300920469775922562#_ftn2" name="_ftnref2" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn2;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[2]</span></span></span></span></a></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 40.5pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo8; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span></b><b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Permasalahan RUU JPH<a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=3300920469775922562#_ftn3" name="_ftnref3" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn3;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">[3]</span></b></span></span></span></a></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Munculnya
Rancangan Undang-Undang (RUU) tentang Jaminan Produk Halal dan keluarnya SK
Menteri Agama ternyata menimbulkan <u>permasalahan dan pertentangan yang
terjadi di masyarakat</u>.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Alasannya, RUU
ini mengandung tujuan yang menyimpang dengan apa yang disuratkan dalam tujuan
RUU tersebut. RUU ini dinilai kurang efisien, baik dari segi pelaksanaan,
maupun dari segi efektivitas biaya yang timbul.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Sebab, biaya
yang timbul atas stiker halal yang diatur dalam RUU ini akan ditanggung oleh
pelaku usaha. Dalam peraturannya penerbitan stiker halal ini melalui Departemen
Agama.<br />
Dalam <b>pasal 59 draft RUU</b> yang masih mencantumkan biaya labelisasi. Pasal
59 ini selengkapnya berbunyi:</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">(1)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Biaya
pemeriksaan produk, sertifikasi, label halal dan surveilen ditanggung oleh
pelaku usaha yang mengajukan permohonan</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">(2)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Menteri teknis
yang menangani bidang keuangan menetapkan struktur biaya sebagaimana dimaksud
dalam ayat (1)</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">(3)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Biaya
sebagaimana dimaksud dalam ayat (92) ditetapkan oleh pemerintah</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">(4)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Biaya
sebagaimana dimaksud ayat (3) disetorkan ke Kas Negara sebagai Penerimaan
Negara Bukan Pajak (PNBP) fungsional.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Bandingkan
dengan sertifikat halal yang melalui LP POM MUI yang juga distandarisasi atau
melalui pengesahan Majelis Ulama Indonesia (MUI) dan para pelaku usaha hanya
cukup membayar biaya sertifikasi halal dan biaya pemeriksaan untuk mendapatkan
sertifikasi tersebut.<br />
Namun, tidak dapat dipungkiri biaya proses sertifikasi halal untuk saat ini
belum terstandarisasi dengan baik dan dipayungi hukum yang telah ada. Sehingga
ada celah dalam penentuan biaya tersebut. RUU ini juga dinilai berbenturan
dengan perundang-undangan yang ada, yakni UU No 7 tahun 1996 tentang Pangan dan
UU No 8 tahun 1999 tentang Perlindungan Konsumen. Bahkan, SK Menteri Agama No
518, SK No 519 dan SK No 525 dinilai tidak mempunyai landasan hukum di atasnya
yang lebih kuat. Permasalahan yang timbul seperti uraian latar belakang dan
perlu diperbaiki untuk pelaksanaan jaminan produk halal di lapangan, adalah:</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo4; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">a.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Peraturan
perundang-undangan yang mengatur atau yang berkaitan dengan produk halal dalam
pelaksanaanya di lapangan belum memberikan kepastian hukum dan jaminan hukum
bagi umat Islam terhadap pangan dan produk lainnya seperti produk pangan yang
tidak dikemas. Keadaan demikian menjadikan umat Islam menemui kesulitan dalam
membedakan mana yang halal dan mana yang haram, menimbulkan keraguan lahir dan
ketidaktentraman batin dalam mengkonsumsi pangan dan menggunakan produk
lainnya.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo4; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">b.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Tidak adanya
kepastian hukum mengenai institusi mana di dalam sistem tata negara dalam
konstruksi pemerintahan negara sebagai institusi/lembaga penjamin halal
terhadap pangan dan produk lainnya, sehingga tidak terdapat kepastian mengenai
wewenang, tugas, dan fungsi mengenai atau dalam kaitannya dengan jaminan produk
halal.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo4; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">c.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Produksi dan
peredaran produk sulit dikontrol sebagai akibat meningkatnya teknologi pangan,
rekayasa genetik, iradiasi, dan bioteknologi.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo4; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">d.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Adanya
ketidaksingkronan produk hukum antara UU No 7 Tahun 1996 tentang Pangan dengan
peraturan di bawahnya yakni PP No 69 tahun 1999 tentang Label dan Iklan Pangan.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo4; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">e.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Sistem produk
halal Indonesia belum memiliki standar dan label halal resmi (standar halal
nasional) yang ditetapkan pemerintah seperti halnya sistem yang dipraktikkan di
Singapura, Malaysia, dan Amerika Serikat. Akibatnya, pelaku usaha menetapkan
label sendiri sesuai selera masing-masing sehingga terjadilah berbagai
pemalsuan label halal.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo4; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">f.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">SK Menteri
Agama No 519 tentang Lembaga Pelaksana Pemeriksaan Pangan Halal yang secara
implisit menunjuk MUI sebagai badan standarisasi halal, dan SK Menteri Agama No
525 tentang Penunjukan Peruri sebagai Pelaksana Pencetak Label Halal dinilai
menghambat persaingan diantara pelaku usaha karena secara teknis akan
menyulitkan pelaku usaha yang akan melakukan sertifikasi halal. Sedangkan SK
Menteri Agama No 519 berbenturan dengan SK No 924/Menkes/SK/VIII/ 1996 tentang
perubahan atas Keputusan Menteri Kesehatan RI No 82/Menkes/SK/I/1996 tentang
Pecantuman Tulisan ‘’Halal’’ pada Label Makanan.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo4; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">g.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Belum adanya
standarisasi biaya untuk sertifikasi halal pada makanan secara transparan .
Sebab, selama ini LP POM MUI belum memiliki landasan yuridis guna penentuan
biaya terutama untuk pengurusan sertifikasi makanan halal di daerah. Jika ini
dikelola dengan baik tentunya pemerintah dapat memenuhi kebutuhan operasional
dan fasilitas laboratorium hingga di tingkat daerah.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo4; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">h.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Belum
tersedianya sumber daya manusia (SDM) yang sesuai dengan bidang keilmuanya
untuk proses labelisasi makanan halal hingga ke tingkat daerah. Sehingga,
terkesan proses sertifikasi makanan halal di beberapa daerah dilakukan hanya
dengan kasat mata tanpa melalui uji laboratorium.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo4; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">i.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Sistem
informasi produk halal yang memadai sebagai pedoman pelaku usaha dan masyarakat
belum sesuai dengan tingkat pengetahuan masyarakat tentang produk-produk yang
halal.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Problem Krusial<a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=3300920469775922562#_ftn4" name="_ftnref4" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn4;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[4]</span></b></span></span></span></a></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Rancangan Undang-Undang Jaminan Produk
Halal (RUU JPH) kabarnya akan dipaksakan untuk disahkan dalam waktu dekat,
bahkan kalau bisa menjadi semacam “hadiah Ramadhan”. Anggota DPR ingin “kejar
setoran”.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Beberapa ormas besar seperti Nahdlatul
Ulama (NU) dan Muhammadiyah juga turut mendorong agar RUU ini segera disahkan.
RUU ini sendiri relatif tidak mendapat perhatian dari masyarakat sehingga tidak
menjadi perdebatan publik yang mencerdaskan. Kamar Dagang Indonesia (Kadin) dan
Majelis Ulama Indonesia (MUI) diberitakan menolak RUU ini meskipun dengan
alasan yang berbeda.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<u><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Kadin menolak karena RUU ini akan memicu ekonomi biaya
tinggi.Adapun MUI menolak karena kepentingannya untuk menjadi pemegang otoritas
tunggal sertifikasi halal tidak diakomodasi dalam RUU JPH.</span></u><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> Apakah secara
substansial materi dari RUU ini memang sudah layak untuk disahkan? Penulis
cenderung berpendapat belum saatnya, bukan saja karena RUU ini belum menjadi
pembahasan publik, tapi secara substansial masih compang-camping. DPR tentu
tidak mau, RUU yang disahkan terus-menerus menjadi olok-olokan publik karena
ketidakmatangan dalam membuat UU karena hanya mempertimbangkan kepentingan</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">-</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">kepentingan
jangka pendek. Pertanyaan besar yang pertama muncul adalah apakah RUU JPH
memang diperlukan mengingat Indonesia sudah mempunyai sejumlah regulasi
menyangkut hal ini seperti UU No 23/1992 tentang Kesehatan, UU No 7/1996
tentang Pangan, UU No 8/1999 tentang Perlindungan Konsumen.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Dalam naskah
akademis itu dirumuskan lima dasar yang menjadi landasan mengapa RUU JPH
dianggap penting</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">?</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo5; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Landasan
filosofis</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Dalam bagian
ini, setelah mengutip pembukaan UUD 1945 dan sejumlah ayat Alquran (QS Al-
Baqarah ayat 168 dan 172<a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=3300920469775922562#_ftn5" name="_ftnref5" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn5;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[5]</span></span></span></span></a>)
disebutkan bahwa halal dan haram merupakan sesuatu yang sangat prinsip dalam
Islam karena di dalamnya terkait hubungan dengan Allah.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo5; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Dasar
sosiologis</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Dalam bagian
ini disebutkan,masyarakat Islam Indonesia sebagai mayoritas menyadari bahwa
banyak produk yang diragukan kehalalannya karena tidak adanya petunjuk yang
menandakan bahwa produk itu halal dikonsumsi atau digunakan. Karena itu,umat
Islam mempunyai hak konstitusional memperoleh perlindungan hukum untuk
mendapatkan produk sesuai dengan syariat Islam.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo5; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Dasar yuridis.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Terkait dengan
dasar yuridis ini, dalam naskah akademis disebutkan, hingga kini belum ada
perlindungan yuridis yang maksimal untuk melindungi umat Islam hidup sehat dan
tidak terjebak dengan produk yang tidak halal.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo5; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Dasar
psikopolitik</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Masyarakat
menyangkut penerimaan dan penolakan suatu RUU. Dalam kaitan ini disebutkan
perlunya pelibatan dunia usaha agar mereka tidak menjadi kekuatan yang justru
menolak RUU JPH karena beranggapan sistem jaminan halal akan menimbulkan
ekonomi biaya tinggi.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo5; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">5.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Dasar ekonomi</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Hal ini terkait
dengan perdagangan internasional di mana negara-negara maju pada umumnya sudah
memiliki tanda arah (direction sign) bagi konsumen untuk mendapatkan makanan
halal. Dengan demikian, jaminan produk halal sudah menjadi hal yang lumrah
dalam tata niaga internasional.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo8; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span></b><b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">RUU JPH (Jaminan Produk Halal) Beri Jaminan Perlindungan Konsumen Seluruh
Rakyat </span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">RUU tentang Jaminan Produk Halal (RUU JPH)
resmi di bahas di DPR RI. Dengan di bahasnya RUU JPH ini nantinya rakyat
Indonesia dapat segera memperoleh jaminan kehalalan atas produk yang dikonsumsi
secara lebih baik.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Menurut Anggota Komisi VIII DPR RI, Jazuli
Jawaini, dalam pesan tertulisnya kepada detikcom, terwujudnya pembahasan RUU
JPH harus menjadi momentum untuk lebih memperkuat jaminan negara atas berbagai
produk yang dikonsumsi masyarakat. Hal ini penting agar produk makanan terjamin
kehalalan dan kesehatannya. Dia menegaskan RUU ini tidak diskriminatif.<br />
Jaminan ini khususnya ditujukan kepada umat Islam yang menjadi umat mayoritas
di negeri ini, sehingga merasa tenang, aman, dan nyaman dalam mengkonsumsi
produk-produk yang beredar di pasaran.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">"<u>Ini adalah bentuk jaminan dalam
kerangka perlindungan konsumen. Bahwa umat Islam mayoritas itu adalah realitas,
dan negara tentu saja berkewajiban untuk melindungi warga negara mayoritas ini
dalam mengkonsumsi produk-produk yang halal sebagaimana syariat Islam
mengaturnya</u>," ungkap Ketua DPP PKS Bidang Ekonomi ini, Kamis
(8/3/2012).</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Jazuli
menambahkan UU JPH nantinya tidak hanya dirasakan oleh umat Islam tetapi juga
bagi masyarakat secara umum. Karena makna halal sesungguhnya lebih luas
menjamin kebaikan dan kesehatan dari suatu produk.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">"Oleh karena itu, kami di Komisi VIII
optimistis bahwa undang-undang ini tidak hanya ditujukan kepada umat
Islam," katanya.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Jazuli menerangkan jaminan produk halal
sebenarnya sudah berjalan di Indonesia sejak tahun 1988 dan dijalankan secara
baik oleh Majelis Ulama Indonesia (MUI). Bahkan MUI telah mendapatkan
kepercayaan yang luas dari dunia internasional dalam pembentukan sistem dan
standar penjaminan produk halal sehingga menjadi acuan atau referensi bagi
negara-negara lain.<br />
<br />
Pembahasan RUU JPH dilakukan Komisi VIII DPR RI melalui Rapat Kerja dengan DPD
RI, Menteri Agama, Menteri Perdagangan, Menteri Pertanian, Menteri
Pemdayagunaan Aparatur Negara dan Reformasi Birokrasi, Menteri Hukum dan HAM.<a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=3300920469775922562#_ftn6" name="_ftnref6" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn6;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">[6]</span></span></span></span></a></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo8; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span></b><b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Implikasi Pengaturannya</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; tab-stops: 45.0pt; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Sebenarnya Implikasi yang terjadi dikalangan
masyarakat ini sangatlah memberatkan masyarakat terutama pengusaha-pengusaha
kalangan bawah karena biaya sertifikasi ini mahal serta mutlak ditanggung oleh
pengusaha. Mereka akan merasa dipersulit untuk memproses sertifikat lebel
halal. Bukan hanya itu, adanya RUU JPH ini akan terjadi diskriminatif terhadap
masyarakat non muslim karna adanya RUU JPH ini aturannya mengikat untuk seluruh
masyarakat serta RUU JPH juga berbenturan dengan </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">UU No 7 tahun
1996 tentang Pangan dan UU No 8 tahun 1999 tentang Perlindungan Konsumen.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; tab-stops: 45.0pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; tab-stops: 45.0pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; tab-stops: 45.0pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; tab-stops: 45.0pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">BAB III</span></b></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">PENUTUP</span></b></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Kesimpulan</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Dalam naskah
akademis itu dirumuskan lima dasar yang menjadi landasan mengapa RUU JPH
dianggap penting, yaitu:</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo10; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Landasan
filosofis</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo10; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Dasar
sosiologis</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo10; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Dasar yuridis.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo10; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Dasar
psikopolitik</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo10; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">5.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Dasar ekonomi</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Tetapi Rancangan
Undang-Undang (RUU) tentang Jaminan Produk Halal serta keluarnya SK Menteri
Agama ternyata menimbulkan permasalahan dan pertentangan yang terjadi di
masyarakat, karena RUU JPH ini sangat memberatkan masyarakat yang mata
pencariannya sebagai pedagang, mereka harus membuat sertifikat produk halal
secara rutin setiap tahunnya, sedangkan biayanya mahal dan juga dengan adanya
RUU JPH ini otomatis bertentangan dengan pembukaan UUD 1945 yang didalamnya
“untuk melindungi segenap bangsa serta seluruh tumpah darah” disini yang
dilindungi hanya satu golongan saja.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Saran</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Demikianlah makalah yang dapat kami susun dan
kami sangat menyadari makalah ini masih jauh dari kesempurnaan. Maka kami
mengharapkan kritik dan saran yang membangun demi perbaikan dan pengembangan, untuk
mengetahui lebih dalam lagi setidaknya banyak-banklah berdiskusi di dalam atau
di luar kampus. semoga makalah ini dapat menambah pengetahuan dan bermanfaat
bagi kita semua. Amin…</span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">DAFTAR PUSTAKA</span></div>
<div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo9; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">kurniawan</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">aries , RUU
Jaminan Produk Halal dan Perubahan</span></div>
<div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo9; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Rumadi, Problem Krusial Jaminan Produk Halal, (Harian Seputar Indonesia)</span></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Departemen agama RI, Petunjuk teknis pedoman system produksi halal
(Jakarta: Ikh<a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=3300920469775922562" name="_GoBack"></a>las beramal, 2003), h. 1 dan 2</span></div>
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<b><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Arbi Anugrah</span></b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"> / detik.com</span></div>
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<a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=3300920469775922562#_ftnref1" name="_ftn1" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn1;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[1]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">aries kurniawan,
RUU Jaminan Produk Halal dan Perubahan</span></div>
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<a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=3300920469775922562#_ftnref2" name="_ftn2" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn2;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[2]</span></span></span></span></a>Departemen
agama RI, Petunjukteknispedoman system produksi halal (Jakarta: Iklasberamal,
2003), h. 1 dan 2</div>
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<a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=3300920469775922562#_ftnref3" name="_ftn3" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn3;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[3]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">aries kurniawan,
RUU Jaminan Produk Halal dan Perubahan</span></div>
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<a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=3300920469775922562#_ftnref4" name="_ftn4" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn4;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[4]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> Rumadi, Problem Krusial Jaminan Produk Halal, (Harian
Seputar Indonesia)</span></div>
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<a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=3300920469775922562#_ftnref5" name="_ftn5" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn5;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[5]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="mso-ansi-language: IN;"> </span><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Al-Baqarah ayat 168: “</span><i><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "(normal text)","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Hai sekalian manusia, makanlah yang halal lagi baik dari
apa yang terdapat di bumi, dan janganlah kamu mengikuti langkah-langkah
syaitan; karena Sesungguhnya syaitan itu adalah musuh yang nyata bagimu”.</span></i></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "(normal text)","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Al-Baqarah Ayat 172: “</span><i><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "(normal text)","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Hai orang-orang yang beriman, makanlah di antara rezki
yang baik-baik yang Kami berikan kepadamu dan bersyukurlah kepada Allah, jika
benar-benar kepada-Nya kamu menyembah”.</span></i></div>
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<a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=3300920469775922562#_ftnref6" name="_ftn6" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn6;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[6]</span></span></span></span></span></a><b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Arbi Anugrah</span></b><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> / detik.com</span></div>
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jajat hidayathttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14800864142928577412noreply@blogger.com0bogor-0.789275 113.921327-78.801216 -47.797422999999995 77.22266599999999 -84.359922999999981tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3300920469775922562.post-29074948950584914282011-12-20T13:07:00.000+07:002011-12-20T13:07:01.022+07:00<span style="font-weight: bold;">JAKARTA--MICOM:</span> Sidang kasus
dugaan suap hakim terkait pengurusan aset kepailitan PT Skycamping
Indonesia dengan terdakwa hakim Syarifuddin ditunda hari ini, Selasa
(20/12). Penundaan ini disebabkan ketua majelis hakim Pengadilan Tindak
Pidana Korupsi (Tipikor) Jakarta menderita sakit perut.
<br /><br />"Saya kurang enak badan. Saya sakit perut, mulas-mulas," kata
hakim Gusrizal, seusai membuka persidangan di Pengadilan Tipikor, Jl HR
Rasuna Said, Jakarta Selatan, Selasa (20/12).
<br /><br />Menurut Gusrizal, karena itulah, dirinya tidak bisa melanjutkan
persidangan yang beragendakan pemeriksaan saksi. Ia pun akhirnya meminta
tiga orang saksi yang telah hadir pada persidangan hari ini untuk
kembali pada persidangan selanjutnya tahun depan. Mereka adalah
pengacara senior Otto Hasibuan, kurator Michael Marcus Iskandar, dan
Pengacara Bank BNI Duma Hutapea.
<br /><br />"Pemeriksaan perkara kita undur sesudah tahun baru, Selasa 3 Januari 2012," imbuhnya.
<br /><br />Dalam kesempatan tersebut, Syarifuddin pun sempat mengajukan
permintaan kepada Majelis Hakim agar jaksa penuntut umum (JPU)
mengembalikan kartu tanda penduduk (KTP) dan surat izin mengemudi (SIM)
dirinya yang disita penyidik KPK.
<br /><br />Menurutnya, penyitaan tersebut tidak ada hubungannya dengan
perkaranya. Menanggapi hal tersebut, hakim Gusrizal memutuskan agar
pemohonan tersebut diajukan secara tertulis agar pihaknya dapat
memprosesnya.
<br /><br />Dalam kasus ini Hakim Syarifuddin telah didakwa menerima suap
sebesar Rp 250 juta dari kurator PT Sky Camping Indonesia Puguh Wirawan
terkait pengurusan aset pailit perusahaan tersebut. Ia terancam hukuman
pidana penjara paling lama selama 20 tahun kurungan dan denda paling
banyak sebesar Rp1 miliar. (*/OL-10)jajat hidayathttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14800864142928577412noreply@blogger.com0